On the emergence of the stance-marking function of English adverbs: A case of intensifiers

Rhee, Seongha

doi:10.17250/khisli.33.3.201612.003

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Experiment 2 addresses the issue left open by Experiment 1 by making the experiencer meaning of the verb to smell more available. This was done by adjusting the stimuli to boost the availability of the narrator as an attitude-holder, by adding a speaker-oriented intensifier that modifies the PPT (e.g., totally disgusting) [see e.g., Athanasiadou (2007) and Rhee (2016)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To boost the availability of the narrator as an attitude-holder, Experiment 2 uses adverbial intensifiers (e.g., totally, absolutely). Adverbial intensifiers are an ideal tool for our aim of making the narrator's perspective more prominent, because a large body of work shows that they function as signs of the speaker's opinions/attitudes [e.g., Athanasiadou (2007), Waksler (2012), Rhee (2016), Beltrama (2018), see also Biber and Finegan (1988)]. For example, Beltrama notes that "the use of totally contributes to strengthening the speaker's commitment toward the utterance" (Beltrama, 2018, p. 119-220).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Beltrama notes that "the use of totally contributes to strengthening the speaker's commitment toward the utterance" (Beltrama, 2018, p. 119-220). More generally, Athanasiadou (2007) notes that these kinds of intensifiers "tend to be subjective in character and show involvement on the part of the speaker" (p. 560), and Rhee (2016) adds that this class "encodes evaluation or reflects the speaker's positionality" (p. 399). Based on this prior work, it is reasonable to expect that these intensifiers can make the first-person narrator more available as an attitude-holder.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of Sensory Modality for Perspective-Taking: Comparing Visual, Olfactory and Gustatory Perception

Kaiser

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Perspective-taking is fundamental for language comprehension, including the interpretation of subjective adjectives (e.g., fun, tasty, and amazing). To understand these adjectives, one needs to know whose opinion is being conveyed—in other words, who is the attitude-holder or perspectival center. Although the perspective-sensitivity of subjective adjectives has received considerable attention in prior work in formal semantics, potential effects of sensory modality (e.g., sight, taste, and smell) on the process of attitude-holder identification have not been systematically investigated. This paper reports a series of studies testing whether interpretation of subjective adjectives depends on whether they refer to the visual, olfactory (smell) vs. gustatory (taste) domains. The results provide evidence that sensory modality has a significant impact on the process of identifying the attitude-holder. This outcome suggests that perspective-sensitivity is highly context-dependent, and the observed modality effects align well with the biological and social properties of sight, taste, and smell.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of Sensory Modality for Perspective-Taking: Comparing Visual, Olfactory and Gustatory Perception

Kaiser

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…In their online comments and arguments, believers will use language to specify the likelihood that their claims are correct rather than to bolster the certainty of their claims. Qualifiers like "may," "possibly," and "usually" are in one respect the opposite of intensifiers (Rhee, 2016), particularly with respect to conveying certainty (Areni, 2002;Jalilifar & Alavi-Nia, 2012). They allow communicators to express claims "with caution, and modesty" (Hyland, 1996, p. 251), and signal a lower degree of certainty about a proposition (Fraser, 2010).…”

Section: Intensifiers and Qualifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivated reasoning and climate change: Comparing news sources, politicization, intensification, and qualification in denier versus believer subreddit comments

Areni

2024

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Motivated reasoning explains how climate change deniers can maintain their beliefs in the face of disconfirming evidence, suggesting that, compared to believers, the online comments of climate change deniers are more likely to (a) reference independent and social media websites advocating ideologically congruent positions, (b) politicize the issue, and (c) use intensifiers (e.g., definitely, undoubtedly). Automated text analysis of 156,844 comments from subreddit communities with opposing perspectives on climate change identified the internet domains associated with hyperlinks and the frequencies of political terms and intensifiers in user comments. Results were consistent with motivated reasoning by climate change deniers. In addition, climate change believers were more likely than deniers to use qualifiers in their comments.

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“…According to Rhee (2016), intensifiers "share the function of marking the speaker's stance of emphasis" and they are related to degree expression (cf. Quirk et al 1985).…”

Section: The Origin Of the Non-nominal Uses Of Caraçasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity, expression of degree and negation: the vernacular form <i>caraças</i>

Pinto

2020

ELG

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This paper presents the vernacular form caraças which, in European Portuguese (EP) is associated to multiple contexts, differents from its use as a feminine common noun. The data I will present shows that caraças behaves as a polarity item, without referential interpretation. On the one hand, caraçasbehaves as a minimizer, a subtype of Negative Polarity Item (NPI), being associated to the lowest point of a scale of value. On the other hand, it also behaves as a Positive Polarity Item (PPI), expressing maximal degrees, therefore being a maximizer. The fact that caraças occurs simultaneously as a NPI and a PPI could indicate we are in the presence of a bipolar element, as described by van der Wouden (1997). Nevertheless, data suggests that there are two distinct items caraças, one of them being a NPI and the other a PPI.The form caraças is also associated to other contexts of use, namely as a metalinguistic negation marker and in evaluative constructions such as N-of-an-N constructions. We also find it functioning as an interjection in exclamative sentences.Although the feminine common noun caraça (augmentative of cara ‘face’) remains in the lexicon as synonym of mask, the polarity item caraças does not result from a process of grammaticalization of the common noun, as documented for other polarity items. In this paper I will put forth the idea that caraças, in its masculine singular form, appeared as an euphemistic variant of caralho ‘dick’, a highly offensive taboo term, used to designate the masculine sexual organ.

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On the emergence of the stance-marking function of English adverbs: A case of intensifiers

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Consequences of Sensory Modality for Perspective-Taking: Comparing Visual, Olfactory and Gustatory Perception

Consequences of Sensory Modality for Perspective-Taking: Comparing Visual, Olfactory and Gustatory Perception

Motivated reasoning and climate change: Comparing news sources, politicization, intensification, and qualification in denier versus believer subreddit comments

Polarity, expression of degree and negation: the vernacular form <i>caraças</i>

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