On the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms in Greece and in Iceland

Mavraganis, Theodoros; Thorarensen, Helgi; Tsoumani, Maria; Nathanailides, Cosmas

doi:10.9734/arrb/2017/32426

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fish convert part of the food into their biomass, and part is excreted as waste products of metabolism into the environment. The possible impact of fish farms on the seabed comes from the organic load caused by the intake of fish metabolites (feces, urine, and gill secretions) and to a less extent from uneaten food from the farm during the rearing cycle [9]. The fish-producing process generates solid and liquid waste such as ammonia, nitrites, phosphates, and other dissolved compounds in farming water [10], as well as CO 2 , while their treatment represents challenges, as discussed in [11,12].…”

Section: Environmental and Technical Challenges In Mariculture Produc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Bibliometric Review of Technical Challenges in Mariculture Production and Research Hotspot Analysis

et al. 2023

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The growth in population and the higher need for aquatic products make the aquaculture industry the world’s fastest-growing food industry. With its rapid development, production is facing various challenges to achieve sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Some obstacles in production are related to the design of mariculture cages, automatization, location of the farm, biofouling, feeding, waste management, and others. This paper deals with the extended bibliometric analysis of technical problems in mariculture based on keywords, citations, journals, and other factors by means of scientometric software, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. Important keywords related to aquaculture and mariculture were obtained from the Web of Science platform and further analyzed by means of the mentioned scientometric software offering knowledge domain visualization and construction of knowledge maps. Apart from the identification of research topics of the highest importance, research hotspots are characterized as follows: technical, biological, digital, and environmental. The most cited articles are related to the environmental problems and solutions in marine aquaculture and the study of biofouling and how to control it. Other important documents with high citation rates are related to the cages, offshore mariculture, location conditions, and sustainability. This study recognizes trends by combining aquaculture production with floating structures for energy extraction of sea resources; thus, making aquaculture more interdisciplinary than before.

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Section: Environmental and Technical Challenges In Mariculture Produc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Bibliometric Review of Technical Challenges in Mariculture Production and Research Hotspot Analysis

et al. 2023

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“…The protein requirement varies depending on the size and life stage of the fish, but generally ranges from 32-45% of the diet. The phosphorus content of salmonids may vary depending on diets composition, but in Europe, it typically ranges from 0.7-1.4% [31,32].…”

Section: Phosphorus Requirements Of Fish Farmed In Open Flow Aquacult...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Phosphorus Waste in Open Flow Freshwater Fish Farms: Challenges and Solutions

Nathanailides,

Kolygas,

Tsoumani

et al. 2023

Fishes

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Legislation and interest exists to protect and restore freshwater and marine ecosystems from the environmental impact of aquaculture. However, aquaculture-induced eutrophication remains a major environmental concern. Water soluble phosphorus, uneaten feed, feces, and metabolic waste from farmed fish increase phosphorus concentrations in adjacent waters. In open freshwater fish farms, in particular, the effects can be more immediate, as excess phosphorus is introduced directly into ecosystems. Several intestinal enzymes, transporters, and regulating factors have been implicated in farmed fish dietary phosphorus retention. For example, alkaline phosphatase and other transporters aid in the absorption of phosphorus in the anterior intestine, while pH, calcium, and vitamin D influence these enzymes and transporters. This process may also be influenced by intestinal morphology and the gut microbiome. To reduce phosphorus pollution from open flow fish farms, a thorough understanding of the processes that affect nutrient retention and absorption, as well as the impact of dietary factors, anti-nutritional substances, and intestinal morphology, is required. Aquaculture can be made more sustainable by reducing phosphorus release. This can be achieved by optimizing feed composition, adding functional feed ingredients, managing gut health, and treating effluent aquaculture waters with bioremediation and absorbing materials. Anti-nutritional factors can be mitigated through processing and through the use of functional feed additives. Addressing these issues will reduce aquaculture’s environmental impact, ensuring aquatic ecosystem health and global food security. In addition, treating effluent aquaculture waters with bioremediation and absorbing materials can remove phosphorus from the water, preventing it from entering the environment. This can further reduce the environmental impact of aquaculture and help to ensure the sustainability of this sector.

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“…Aquaculture of intensively cultivated fish uses intensive fish farming methods and is based mainly on fishponds with recirculating or openly flowing water. Environmental conditions, including water quality, stocking density, and temperature, can affect fish growth and the feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of farmed fish [22][23][24][25][26]. Furthermore, dietary regimes or pathological problems can compromise digestion and affect FCE [27][28][29].…”

Section: Optimal Feeding Regimes and Improved Feed Conversion Are Prerequisites For Reducing The Environmental Impact Caused By Freshwatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reduction or increase in feed conversion may reflect a corresponding increase or decrease of uneaten or poorly digested fish feeds. Open flow rainbow trout fish farms, for example, can generate a considerable amount of nutrients that are released in the aquatic ecosystems, which can vary with season, feeding regimes, and farming systems [22,24,27].…”

Section: Probiotics Can Improve the Digestion Of Fish Diets And Support The Replacement Of Fish Oils And Fish Proteins As Ingredients Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Have the Potential to Significantly Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms

Nathanailides

Kolygas

Choremi

et al. 2021

Fishes

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Probiotics for freshwater fish farming can be administered as single or multiple mixtures. The expected benefits of probiotics include disease prophylaxis, improved growth, and feed conversion parameters, such as the feed conversion rate (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR). In the current work, we review the impact of probiotics on freshwater finfish aquaculture. Data were gathered from articles published during the last decade that examined the effects of probiotics on fish growth, FCR, and water quality in freshwater fishponds/tanks. While the expected benefits of probiotics are significant, the reviewed data indicate a range in the level of effects, with an average reduction in ammonia of 50.7%, SGR increase of 17.1%, and FCR decrease of 10.7%. Despite the variability in the reported benefits, probiotics appear to offer a practical solution for sustainable freshwater aquaculture. Disease prophylaxis with probiotics can reduce the need for antibiotics and maintain gut health and feed conversion. Considering that fish feed and waste are two significant parameters of the aquaculture ecological footprint, it can be argued that probiotics can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of aquaculture. In this direction, it would be beneficial if more researchers incorporated water quality parameters in future aquaculture research and protocols to minimize aquaculture’s environmental impact.

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On the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms in Greece and in Iceland

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Extended Bibliometric Review of Technical Challenges in Mariculture Production and Research Hotspot Analysis

Extended Bibliometric Review of Technical Challenges in Mariculture Production and Research Hotspot Analysis

Addressing Phosphorus Waste in Open Flow Freshwater Fish Farms: Challenges and Solutions

Probiotics Have the Potential to Significantly Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms

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