On the estimation of the lightning incidence to offshore wind farms

Becerra, Marley; Long, Mengni; Schulz, Wolfgang; Thottappillil, Rajeev

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2017.12.008

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A good agreement was found between the predictions and the experiments giving credence to the validity of the procedure and the obtained charge distributions. The charge distribution obtained in the study were successfully applied in various lightning attachment models and a good agreement is again found between the predictions based on the charge distributions and the experimental observations [17]. For these reasons we assume that the leader charge distribution used in the present study is reasonable and the results obtained are not far from the ones that would have been obtained if the experiment was carried out in the field.…”

Section: Discussion On the Assumptions Made In The Studysupporting

confidence: 76%

The Similarity of the Action of Franklin and ESE Lightning Rods under Natural Conditions

Cooray

2018

Preprint

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In the lightning rods categorized as ESE an intermittent voltage impulse is applied to the lightning rod to modulate the electric field at its tip in an attempt to speed up the initiation of a connecting leader from the lightning rod when it is under the influence of a down coming stepped leader. In this paper it is shown that due to the stepping nature of the down coming stepped leader, there is a natural modulation of the electric field at the tip of any lightning rod exposed to the lightning stepped leaders and this modulation is much more intense than any artificial modulation that is possible under practical conditions. Based on the results it is claimed that artificial modulation of the electric field at the tip of lightning rods by applying voltage pulses to it is an unnecessary endeavor because the nature itself has endowed the tip of the lightning rod with a modulating electric field. Thus, as far as the effectiveness of artificial modulation of the tip electric field is concerned, there could be no difference in the lightning attachment efficiency between ESE and Franklin lightning rods.

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Section: Discussion On the Assumptions Made In The Studysupporting

confidence: 76%

The Similarity of the Action of Franklin and ESE Lightning Rods under Natural Conditions

Cooray

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A satisfactory agreement was found between the predictions and the experiments giving credence to the validity of the procedure and the obtained charge distributions. Moreover, the charge distribution obtained in the study were successfully applied in various lightning attachment models and a good agreement is again found between the predictions based on the charge distributions and the experimental observations [17]. For these reasons, we assume that the leader charge distribution used in the present study is reasonable and the results obtained are not far from the ones that would have been obtained if the experiment was carried out in the field.…”

Section: Discussion On the Assumptions Made In The Studysupporting

confidence: 58%

The Similarity of the Action of Franklin and ESE Lightning Rods under Natural Conditions

Cooray

2018

Atmosphere

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Abstract:In the lightning rods categorized as Early Streamer Emission (ESE) types, an intermittent voltage impulse is applied to the lightning rod to modulate the electric field at its tip in an attempt to speed up the initiation of a connecting leader from the lightning rod when it is under the influence of a stepped leader moving down from the cloud. In this paper, it is shown that, due to the stepping nature of the stepped leader, there is a natural modulation of the electric field at the tip of any lightning rod exposed to the lightning stepped leaders and this modulation is much more intense than any artificial modulation that is possible under practical conditions. Based on the results, it is concluded that artificial modulation of the electric field at the tip of lightning rods by applying voltage pulses is an unnecessary endeavor because the nature itself has endowed the tip of the lightning rod with a modulating electric field. Therefore, as far as the effectiveness of artificial modulation of the tip electric field is concerned, there could be no difference in the lightning attachment efficiency between ESE and Franklin lightning rods.

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“…Smart grids require a high level of surge protection, especially because of the presence of electronic-based equipment, as well as control and monitoring devices. Protection of renewable energy generation systems against lightning is also an emerging issue to be addressed [1][2][3][4]. To this aim, a critical issue is the analysis of the severity of the induced voltages generated by the lightning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Statistical Characterization of Lightning-Induced Voltages

et al. 2018

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Protection against lightning-induced voltages is a particularly critical issue, especially for smart grids, due to the presence of electronic-based equipment, as well as control and monitoring devices. Analysis of the severity of the induced voltages is then imperative; on the other hand, the random nature of the lightning phenomenon cannot be disregarded. In this paper, the severity of lightning-induced voltage is analyzed by means of a probabilistic approach which, starting from closed-form solutions, uses a Monte Carlo procedure. Parametric distributions that best fit the distributions of the induced voltages are investigated as well. The results show that the lognormal and the generalized extreme value distributions are the best candidates.

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On the estimation of the lightning incidence to offshore wind farms

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

The Similarity of the Action of Franklin and ESE Lightning Rods under Natural Conditions

The Similarity of the Action of Franklin and ESE Lightning Rods under Natural Conditions

The Similarity of the Action of Franklin and ESE Lightning Rods under Natural Conditions

On the Statistical Characterization of Lightning-Induced Voltages

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