2003
DOI: 10.1016/s1385-1101(03)00018-2
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On the estuarine transport reversal in deep layers of the Gulf of Finland

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Cited by 50 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…Estuarine circulation events can reach the Northern Baltic Proper (Elken et al, 2006) and cause considerable vertical mixing of heat, salt and nutrients (Liblik et al, 2013;Lips et al, 2017). Moreover, strong SW winds that cause reversals (Elken et al, 2003) also induce erosion of the halocline by wind stirring during winters (Lass et al, 2003). The comparison of profiles in the Northern Baltic Proper in November and December 2015 shows that in the latter month the halocline deepened because both its erosion (upward vertical mixing of salt can be seen) and accumulation of the upper layer water (effect of reversal).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Estuarine circulation events can reach the Northern Baltic Proper (Elken et al, 2006) and cause considerable vertical mixing of heat, salt and nutrients (Liblik et al, 2013;Lips et al, 2017). Moreover, strong SW winds that cause reversals (Elken et al, 2003) also induce erosion of the halocline by wind stirring during winters (Lass et al, 2003). The comparison of profiles in the Northern Baltic Proper in November and December 2015 shows that in the latter month the halocline deepened because both its erosion (upward vertical mixing of salt can be seen) and accumulation of the upper layer water (effect of reversal).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Northern Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland are considered as dynamically active regions where wind forcing is an important factor also in the deep layer dynamics. In the Gulf of Finland south-westerly wind forcing causes the reversal of estuarine circulation: surface layer flows into the gulf and deep layer out of the gulf (Elken et al, 2003). In winter (no thermal stratification), the mixing of the whole water column was accompanied by improved oxygen conditions and decreased salinity in the deep layers (Liblik et al, 2013;Lips et al, 2017).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The strong southwesterly (up-estuary) winds counteract the estuarine circulation and cause an inflow (convergence) in the surface layer (Elken et al, 2003;Lips et al, 2008b), and thus, a downward movement of the thermocline in the gulf as a whole. In contrast, the down-estuary winds intensify the outflow (cause divergence) in the surface layer, and thus, a general upward movement of the thermocline in the gulf.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, for the strong upwelling events, the filaments might appear with a higher probability in the case of northern upwelling events since the bottom slope is about 2 times shallower in the northern gulf than in the southern gulf (Uiboupin and Laanemets, 2009). The prevailing westerly to southwesterly winds, which cause an inflow in the upper layer and a compensating outflow in the deeper layers (Elken et al, 2003;Liblik and Lips, 2012), could lead to the deepening of the seasonal thermocline in the gulf in 2012 and 2013. The two very intense upwelling events with the gradual temperature decrease were observed in these summers along the northern coast.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This vertical overturning circulation involves many important components: the gravity-driven dense bottom currents of the inflowing waters from the North Sea, the entrainment of ambient surface waters, mixing due to diffusion, interleaving of the inflowing water masses into the deep at the level of neutral buoyancy, and vertical advection due to the conservation and upward entrainment of deep water into moving surface water in the northern Baltic Proper. Elken et al (2003Elken et al ( , 2006 investigated the large halocline variation and related mesoscale and basin-scale processes in the northern Gotland Basin-Gulf of Finland system. The authors suggested that long-lasting pulses of south-westerly winds cause an increase in the water volume of the Gulf of Finland.…”
Section: Dynamics In the Bottom Layermentioning
confidence: 99%