On the fluid mechanics of human crowd motion

Henderson, L. F.

doi:10.1016/0041-1647(74)90027-6

Cited by 341 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Most pedestrian models, however, were formulated before. A first modeling approach that appears to be suited to reproduce spatio-temporal patterns of motion was proposed by Henderson [21], who conjectured that pedestrian crowds behave similar to gases or fluids (see also [22]). This could be partially confirmed, but a realistic gas-kinetic or fluid-dynamic theory for pedestrians must contain corrections due to their particular interactions (i.e.…”

Section: Short History Of Pedestrian Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

Helbing

Johansson

2011

Extreme Environmental Events

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Article OutlineThis contribution describes efforts to model the behavior of individual pedestrians and their interactions in crowds, which generate certain kinds of selforganized patterns of motion. Moreover, this article focusses on the dynamics of crowds in panic or evacuation situations, methods to optimize building designs for egress, and factors potentially causing the breakdown of orderly motion. GlossaryCollective Intelligence: Emergent functional behavior of a large number of people that results from interactions of individuals rather than from individual reasoning or global optimization. Crowd: Agglomeration of many people in the same area at the same time. The density of the crowd is assumed to be high enough to cause continuous interactions with or reactions to other individuals. Crowd Turbulence: Unanticipated and unintended irregular motion of individuals into different directions due to strong and rapidly changing forces in crowds of extreme density. Emergence: Spontaneous establishment of a qualitatively new behavior through non-linear interactions of many objects or subjects. Evolutionary Optimization: Gradual optimization based on the effect of frequently repeated random mutations and selection processes based on some success function ("fitness"). Faster-is-Slower Effect: This term reflects the observation that certain processes (in evacuation situations, production, traffic dynamics, or logistics) take more time if performed at high speed. In other words, waiting can often help to coordinate the activities of several competing units and to speed up the average progress. Freezing-by-Heating Effect: Noise-induced blockage effect caused by the breakdown of direction-segregated walking patterns (typically two or more "lanes" characterized by a uniform direction of motion). "Noise" means frequent variations of the walking direction due to nervousness or impatience in the crowd, e.g. also frequent overtaking maneuvers in dense, slowly moving crowds.

show abstract

Section: Short History Of Pedestrian Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

Helbing

Johansson

2011

Extreme Environmental Events

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is based on Boltzmann-like gas-kinetic model. The first one to apply this kind of model on pedestrian crowds was Henderson [7]. However, he assumed a conservation of momentum and energy, what was quite unrealistic.…”

Section: Helbing's Fluid-dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Macroscopic Pedestrian Flow Modelling

Kormanová¹

2013

AIP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews several various approaches to macroscopic pedestrian modelling. It describes hydrodynamic models based on similarity of pedestrian flow with fluids and gases; first-order flow models that use fundamental diagrams and conservation equation; and a model similar to LWR vehicular traffic model, which allows non-classical shocks. At the end of the paper there is stated a comparison of described models, intended to find appropriate macroscopic model to eventually be a part of a hybrid model. The future work of the author is outlined.

show abstract

“…The macroscopic models explore the macroscopic features of pedestrian flow (e.g., speed, density, and flow), where the fluid dynamic model [29,30] is a well-known macroscopic model. The fluid dynamic model [29,30] can describe the pedestrian collective movements, where the results are qualitatively accordant with those observed in real situations (e.g., the development of walking lane, jam, the propagation of wave, and the behavior on a dance floor) [29].…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Passengers’ Boarding Behavior at the Platform of High Speed Railway Station

Tang

Shao

Chen

et al. 2017

Journal of Advanced Transportation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modeling passengers' motion at high speed railway (HSR) station has been a hot topic in the field of pedestrian flow theory. However, little effort has been made to explore the passengers' boarding behaviors at the platform of HSR station. This study proposes a cellular automaton (CA) model to study the passengers' boarding behavior at the platform of HSR station. Some numerical tests are conducted to explore the passengers' movements and the complex traffic phenomena (e.g., each passenger's trajectory, congestion, and travel time) which occur during the boarding process. The numerical results illustrate that the passengers' inflow rate and entrance choice behavior have significant impacts on the boarding efficiency. These results can help managers to understand the passengers' boarding behavior and to improve the boarding efficiency.

show abstract

On the fluid mechanics of human crowd motion

Cited by 341 publications

References 6 publications

Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

A Review on Macroscopic Pedestrian Flow Modelling

Modeling Passengers’ Boarding Behavior at the Platform of High Speed Railway Station

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About