On the formation of collapse dolines: A modelling perspective

Gabrovšek, Franci; Stepišnik, Uroš

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.007

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This scenario is similar to the limited dissolution proposed by Romanov et al (2010) and Gabrovšek and Stepišnik (2011). If there is limitation of soluble material in the direction perpendicular to flow, enlargement becomes more uniform along the entire conduit.…”

Section: Multi-materials Conduitsupporting

confidence: 75%

Fracture evolution in soluble rocks: From single-material fractures towards multi-material fractures

Kaufmann

Romanov

Gabrovšek

2017

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IzvlečekUDK 551.435.8 Georg Kaufmann, Franci Gabrovšek & Douchko Romanov: Odvisnost kraškega razvoja razpoke od vrste in zaporedja vodotopnih kamnin, skozi katere poteka Z numeričnim modelom smo raziskovali razvoj sekundarne poroznosti v enodimenzionalni razpoki v apnencu, sadri in anhidridu. Cilji raziskav so bili: 1) ugotoviti razlike med razvojem plitvih in globokih razpok v različnih kamninah; 2) oceniti učinek morebitnega izločanja enega od mineralov v razpoki in 3) dinamika rasti razpoke, ki gre skozi plasti različnih kamnin. Rezultati kažejo na primerljiv razvoj razpok v apnencu in sadri, pri čemer je čas razvoja v obeh kamninah precej različen. V anhidridu je zaradi drugačne kinetike raztapljanja razvoj še hitrejši. Izločanje ob spreminjajočih se geokemičnih pogojih lahko hitro zamaši razpoke in posebej v večjih globinah spremeni poti razvoja mreže kraških prevodnikov. V primeru, ko so razpoke v apnencu prekrite s plastjo sadre, kar v naravi pogosto opažamo, je hitrost širjenja najhitrejša, kar daje vodnim potem vzdolž takih razpok izrazito primerjalno prednost pri zajemanju razpoložljivega toka. Ključne besede: vodotopne kamnine, enostavna razpoka, raztapljanje in izločanje, incepcijski horizont. We employ a numerical model describing the evolution of secondary porosity in a single fracture embedded in soluble rock (limestone, gypsum, and anhydrite) to study the evolution of isolated fractures in different rock types. Our main focus is three-fold: The identification of shallow versus deep flow paths and their evolution for different rock types; the effect of precipitation of the dissolved material in the fracture; and finally the complication of fracture enlargement in fractures composed of several different soluble materials. Our results show that the evolution of fractures composed of limestone and gypsum is comparable, but the evolution time scale is drastically different. For anhydrite, owing to its difference from calcite in the kinetical rate law describing the removal of soluble rock, the evolution is even faster. Precipitation of the dissolved rock due to changes in the hydrochemical conditions can clog fractures fairly fast, thus changing the pattern of preferential pathways in the soluble aquifer, especially with depth. Finally, limestone fractures coated with gypsum, as occasionally observed in caves, will result in a substantial increase in fracture enlargement with time, thus giving these fractures a hydraulic advantage over pure limestone fractures in their competition for capturing flow.

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Section: Multi-materials Conduitsupporting

confidence: 75%

Fracture evolution in soluble rocks: From single-material fractures towards multi-material fractures

Kaufmann

Romanov

Gabrovšek

2017

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“…This gypsum, which covers the fracture, can then readily dissolve and provide a The entrance enlarges as funnel shape, the remainder of the fracture only slowly enlarges. After 10,000 years, the gypsum along the entrance section of the fracture is gone, the fracture here starts evolving by dissolving limestone with its lower saturation This scenario is similar to the limited dissolution proposed by Romanov et al (2010) and Gabrovšek and Stepišnik (2011).…”

Section: −supporting

confidence: 58%

Dissolution and precipitation of fractures in soluble rock

Kaufmann

Gabrovšek

Romanov

2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Soluble rocks such as limestone, anhydrite, and gypsum are characterised by their large secondary permeability, which results from the interaction of water circulating through the rock and dissolving the soluble fracture walls. This highly selective dissolution process enlarges the fractures to voids and eventually cavities, which then carry the majority of flow through an aquifer along preferential flow paths.We employ a numerical model describing the evolution of secondary porosity in a soluble rock to study the evolution of Our results show that the evolution of fractures composed of limestone and gypsum is comparable, but the evolution time scale is drastically different. For anhydrite, owing to its difference in the kinetical rate law describing the removal of soluble 10 rock, when compared to limestone and anhydrite, the evolution is even faster.Precipitation of the dissolved rock due to changes in the hydrochemical conditions can clog fractures fairly fast, thus changing the pattern of preferential pathways in the soluble aquifer, especially with depth.Finally, limestone fracture coated with gypsum, as frequently observed in caves, will result in a substantial increase in fracture enlargement with time, thus giving these fractures a hydraulic advantage over pure limestone fractures in their competition 15 for capturing flow.

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“…In Florida, the distribution of new sinkholes differs from existing ones; there are processes acting today that are different from in the past [9]. Climate change could accelerate the formation of large closed depressions/collapse dolines, which take 1 million years to form [10]. Drainage is key, as it affects both surface and underground waterflow routes and their development through time [11].…”

Section: Sinkhole Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Part 1: Contemporary Challenges and Current Solutions in Sinkhole Occurrence and Mitigation

Mj¹

2017

J Geol Geophys

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This review considers the current literature on sinkhole formation and occurrence. It incorporates several examples from around the world in order to gain a broader geographical scope on the problem. Challenges associated with sinkholes center around atmospheric acidification (pollution) and the formation of dissolution sinkholes. In addition, urbanization and its imposed changes on surface drainage as well as aquifer contamination also bear upon this geohazard. Solutions have been grasped through the deployment of geophysical techniques, in particular GPR. Engineering solutions are presented and critically discussed. Preventative planning based on early detection (through geophysical, GIS and multivariate analysis plus modeling, and possibly remote sensing techniques) are among the most effective available solutions. More research is needed to investigate the effects of increasing surface temperatures and interactions (synergies) with pollution.

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On the formation of collapse dolines: A modelling perspective

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Fracture evolution in soluble rocks: From single-material fractures towards multi-material fractures

Fracture evolution in soluble rocks: From single-material fractures towards multi-material fractures

Dissolution and precipitation of fractures in soluble rock

Part 1: Contemporary Challenges and Current Solutions in Sinkhole Occurrence and Mitigation

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