On the formation of nanocrystalline active zinc oxide from zinc hydroxide carbonate

Moezzi, Amir; Cortie, Michael B.; Dowd, Annette; McDonagh, Andrew M.

doi:10.1007/s11051-014-2344-z

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Figure 21 clearly shows the size range of precipitated ZnO nanoparticles on a mica disk. ZnO nanoparticles were counted under 20 nm in size and their averaged particle sizes were measured nearly 13 nm from the AFM image and its image analysis similar to the literature findings [40]. In that study, TEM images revealed that the ZnO pseudomorphous product is actually a polycrystalline aggregate comprised of individual crystals with sizes in the range of 5 to 20 nm and amorphous material was also detected [40].…”

Section: Sem and Afm Characterization Of Hydrometallurgical Route Prosupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Moreover, it is known as agglomerated ZnO nanoparticles with a zincite structure having lack of defined shape and size [4,37,38,39]. In the study on production of ZnO from zinc hydroxide carbonate by Moezzi et al (2014) [40], SEM images of the zinc hydroxide carbonate and the highly porous ZnO produced also showed that ZnO product was pseudomorphous with the hydrozincite precursor, as previously reported [41,42]. Figure 21 clearly shows the size range of precipitated ZnO nanoparticles on a mica disk.…”

Section: Sem and Afm Characterization Of Hydrometallurgical Route Promentioning

confidence: 55%

“…ZnO nanoparticles were counted under 20 nm in size and their averaged particle sizes were measured nearly 13 nm from the AFM image and its image analysis similar to the literature findings [40]. In that study, TEM images revealed that the ZnO pseudomorphous product is actually a polycrystalline aggregate comprised of individual crystals with sizes in the range of 5 to 20 nm and amorphous material was also detected [40]. However, in the study on transformation zinc hydroxide sulphate to crystalline zinc oxide, according to SEM studies, highly crystalline ZnO particles are observed, with grain sizes in the range of 100 to 500 nm [36].…”

Section: Sem and Afm Characterization Of Hydrometallurgical Route Promentioning

confidence: 72%

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Recovery of ZnO from lead-zinc flotation tailings by hydrometallurgical processes: XRD, SEM, and AFM studies

Perek¹,

Benli²,

Arslan³

et al. 2020

J Min & Metal A Mining

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The hydrometallurgical route of zinc hydroxide and synthesis of nanocrystalline ZnO is a particularly attractive method to recover oxidized lead and zinc from lead-zinc flotation tailings. In Turkey, lead-zinc complex/mixed ores along with high iron content are not suitable for conventional mineral processing methods and need hydrometallurgical treatments. Therefore, the control of iron during zinc processes is really important. In this study, hydrometallurgical process route for zinc recovery from Pb-Zn flotation tailings was investigated by considering the effects of H2SO4 concentration, leaching and roasting temperatures on the zinc dissolution considering the Eh-pH variations. The iron and zinc products were also individually examined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images in order to compare before and after leaching, precipitation and roasting steps. 83.1% Zn and 91.6% Cd leaching efficiencies were obtained from Pb-Zn flotation tailing particles with the size range of 50-110 nm from AFM image cross-sections, while lead and iron were not dissolved. Elemental sulfur started to form and produce a layer around the particles or a partially agglomerated particle in the size of 170 nm during the sulphuric acid leaching. However, majority of the particles was determined to be less than 20 microns, and AFM images showed that the size reduction between the leached and unleached particles was over 50%. Selective precipitations of iron and zinc in the form of hydroxide were performed in high recovery efficiencies of 90.1% and 99%, respectively. After the heat treatment, nanocrystalline zincite clusters of 96.6% purity were produced in the ZnO mineral form and nearly 13 nm in size. Zinc can be successfully recovered and a flotation tailings ore can be a good candidate for the production of high technology needs of nanocrystalline ZnO nanoparticles.

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Section: Sem and Afm Characterization Of Hydrometallurgical Route Prosupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Sem and Afm Characterization Of Hydrometallurgical Route Promentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Sem and Afm Characterization Of Hydrometallurgical Route Promentioning

confidence: 72%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recovery of ZnO from lead-zinc flotation tailings by hydrometallurgical processes: XRD, SEM, and AFM studies

Perek¹,

Benli²,

Arslan³

et al. 2020

J Min & Metal A Mining

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…S6 and S7 †). When considered in conjunction with mass spectrometry data (discussed below), we can assign this mass loss to decomposition of an amorphous phase, Zn(OH) 2 ·ZnCl 2 , formed by rearrangement and dehydration of the crystalline intermediate ZnO·ZnCl 2 ·2H 2 O according to eqn (3). We note that examples of zinc compounds (e.g., zinc borate, xZnO·yB 2 O 3 ·zH 2 O) exist with either crystalline or amorphous structures based on the synthesis method and temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc oxide is an important industrial chemical that may be synthesized by a very wide variety of means. 1 Calcination or pyrolysis of a suitable precursor, for example an alkylzinc alkoxide 2 or a basic zinc salt 3 are amongst the many options. Here we consider the use of the basic salt 'zinc hydroxide chloride' as a precursor in this context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of zinc hydroxide chloride monohydrate to crystalline zinc oxide

2016

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Thermal decomposition of layered zinc hydroxide double salts provides an interesting alternative synthesis for particles of zinc oxide. Here, we examine the sequence of changes occurring as zinc hydroxide chloride monohydrate (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O) is converted to crystalline ZnO by thermal decomposition. The specific surface area of the resultant ZnO measured by BET was 1.3 m(2) g(-1). A complicating and important factor in this process is that the thermal decomposition of zinc hydroxide chloride is also accompanied by the formation of volatile zinc-containing species under certain conditions. We show that this volatile compound is anhydrous ZnCl2 and its formation is moisture dependent. Therefore, control of atmospheric moisture is an important consideration that affects the overall efficiency of ZnO production by this process.

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Synthesis, growth mechanism, and photocatalytic activity of Zinc oxide nanostructures: porous microparticles versus nonporous nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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A simple facile method, i.e., thermal decarbonation of ZnCO3 hydroxides, was used to prepare a series of pure ZnO photocatalysts with controlled crystallite sizes, particle sizes and morphologies.The ZnCO3 precursor was synthesized by direct-wet carbonation in the presence of growth-control additives, i.e., organic solvents, surfactants and low molecular weight polymers. The thermal decarbonation allows for producing ZnO photocatalysts with sizes and shapes vary from 80±20 nm nonporous rhombohedral nanoparticles to 5±0.5 µm porous particles, for a constant crystallite size of 64±3 nm. The porous ZnO particles (5±0.5 µm) exhibits two times larger photocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation than the nonporous ZnO nanoparticles (~180±30 nm). The reasons for the higher photocatalytic activity are further investigated in this work. A possible mechanism for the formation of ZnCO3 hydroxides and their transformation into porous microsized ZnO particles and nonporous nanoparticles are carefully discussed.

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On the formation of nanocrystalline active zinc oxide from zinc hydroxide carbonate

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Recovery of ZnO from lead-zinc flotation tailings by hydrometallurgical processes: XRD, SEM, and AFM studies

Recovery of ZnO from lead-zinc flotation tailings by hydrometallurgical processes: XRD, SEM, and AFM studies

Transformation of zinc hydroxide chloride monohydrate to crystalline zinc oxide

Synthesis, growth mechanism, and photocatalytic activity of Zinc oxide nanostructures: porous microparticles versus nonporous nanoparticles

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