On the fragmentation of active material secondary particles in lithium ion battery cathodes induced by charge cycling

Sun, Guanhua; Sui, Tan; Song, Bang‐Sup; Zheng, Hong; Li, Lü; Korsunsky, Alexander M.

doi:10.1016/j.eml.2016.03.018

Cited by 99 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Because operando XRD did not reveal any anomalies in the first cycle, it is concluded that effects, such as cathodic SEI formation, contribute initially to the volume increase. [28,90,145,169,173,180,181] By discrete element method on a cohesive crack model, Sun et al [90] showed that bipolar (i.e., anisotropic) expansion/contraction Adv. A direct correlation was found between the changes in secondary particle size and those deduced from the unit cell volume by XRD (Figure 3).…”

Section: Mechanical Degradation Of Ni-rich Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While intergranular cracks are commonly observed in Nirich NCM cathodes, [28,90,145,169,173,180,181] they have been detected only in electrodes cycled to high potentials. [186,187] For example, in the case of NCM622, Yan et al [186] observed the presence of intragranular cracks in samples cycled to ≥4.65 V vs Li + /Li.…”

Section: Mechanical Degradation Of Ni-rich Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[87,88] The term "material fatigue" denotes the degradation of a material as a result of its repetitive use, i.e., in case of LIB electrode materials, the continuous insertion and extraction of Li ions into and from the host structure, respectively. [90,91] As a result, cracks form and propagate through the secondary particles, resulting in loss of connectivity within the electrode. An overview of the most critical degradation mechanisms on different levels of the electrochemical cell is given in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni‐Rich NCM and Li‐Rich HE‐NCM Cathode Materials in Li‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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costs are required. Current state-of-theart LIBs using, e.g., well-established LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM111) cathode material are yet not able to fulfill all these demands. In order to increase the energy density of LIBs, battery produ cers and researchers pursue various strategies. Substitution of expensive Co by Ni to achieve LiNi 1−x−y Co x Mn y O 2 compounds with x < 0.3 in order to increase the structural stability at high state-of-charge (SOC) is one possible approach. Another promising material class is represented by Li-rich high-energy NCM (HE-NCM) materials (cLi 2 MnO 3 ⋅[1 − c]LiTMO 2 [TM = Ni, Co, Mn, etc.]). All of these subgroups of layered oxides have in common a crystal structure that is prone to irreversible changes and fatigue during continuous Li (de-)intercalation. The relevant changes in electronic and crystal structure strongly depend on the particular cathode composition and micro/nanostructure. The development of a target-oriented roadmap to improved LIBs that meet the above requirements must address the underlying mechanisms on different cell levels, i.e., from the atomic level to the electrode level. A comprehensive summary of the properties and developments in the field of Ni-rich NCM [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and Li-rich HE-NCM [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] has been presented recently In order to satisfy the energy demands of the electromobility market, both Ni-rich and Li-rich layered oxides of NCM type are receiving much attention as high-energy-density cathode materials for application in Li-ion batteries. However, due to different stability issues, their longevity is limited. During formation and continuous cycling, especially the electronic and crystal structure suffers from various changes, eventually leading to fatigue and mechanical degradation. In recent years, comprehensive battery research has been conducted at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, mainly aiming at better understanding the primary degradation processes occurring in these layered transition metal oxides. The characteristic process of formation and mechanisms of fatigue are fundamentally characterized and the effect of chemical composition on cell chemistry, electrochemistry, and cycling stability is addressed on different length scales by use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, ranging from "standard" characterization tools to combinations of advanced in situ and operando methods. Here, the results are presented and discussed within a broader scientific context. by several authors. Here, we focus on the detailed characterization of these materials on different length scales, including the processes during formation and fatigue.After a brief introduction of the different materials addressed here, their characteristic process of formation and mechanisms of fatigue are discussed with respect to cell chemistry, electrochemistry, and cycling stability. Based on the fundamental results of our experimental studies on the material level, the effect of formation and fatigue on different cell levels is evalu...

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Section: Mechanical Degradation Of Ni-rich Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Degradation Of Ni-rich Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni‐Rich NCM and Li‐Rich HE‐NCM Cathode Materials in Li‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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“…Regions of different electrolyte concentrations may lead to uneven lithium insertion into the electrode material, resulting in uneven expansion, and diffusion induced stress and cracking, 13,32,33 as well as local overcharging or deep discharging. This can …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological and network analysis of lithium ion battery components: the importance of pore space connectivity for cell operation

Lagadec

Zahn

Müller

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…developed a coupled model of diffusion mechanics and cracking to study not only the conditions of crack formation during insertion but also the fracturing of storage particles during Li extraction using a phase‐field method. Sun et al . found that crack formation, distribution, and density are related to the Li ion concentration and gradient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and Experimental Observation of Li‐Ion Concentration Distribution and Diffusion‐Induced Stress in Porous Battery Electrodes

Guo

2017

Energy Tech

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A multiscale model of porous electrodes based on the Gibbs free energy is developed, in which the Li ion diffusion, diffusion‐induced stress (DIS), and polydispersities of electrode particle sizes are considered. The relationships between the size polydispersities and the concentration profiles and DIS evolution are investigated numerically. Li ion distributions are verified by in situ observation of color changes in a commercial porous graphite electrode. Simulations show small particles exhibit higher charge/discharge degrees and more rapid charge/discharge rates than large particles at the same macroscopic state of charge (SOC)/depth of discharge (DOD). Moreover, DIS is different in different size particles at a specific SOC and DOD, that is, there is a nonuniformly distributed stress field within porous electrodes during the charge/discharge processes. For SOC and DOD, which represent the macroscopic average states of charge and discharge, the influence of the microscopic SOC values and mass fractions of differently sized particles in porous electrodes should, therefore, be considered. Additionally, the fracture of particles in porous electrodes is likely caused by varied amplitude tensile‐compressive DISs during charge/discharge cycles. Reduced sizes and size polydispersities of electrode particles are prone to alleviate these stresses and thus improve battery performance.

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On the fragmentation of active material secondary particles in lithium ion battery cathodes induced by charge cycling

Cited by 99 publications

References 32 publications

Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni‐Rich NCM and Li‐Rich HE‐NCM Cathode Materials in Li‐Ion Batteries

Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni‐Rich NCM and Li‐Rich HE‐NCM Cathode Materials in Li‐Ion Batteries

Topological and network analysis of lithium ion battery components: the importance of pore space connectivity for cell operation

Computational and Experimental Observation of Li‐Ion Concentration Distribution and Diffusion‐Induced Stress in Porous Battery Electrodes

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