On the Galvanic Modification of Seawater

Abstract

Chemical properties of seawater are studied at forced shifting of Fermi level F ε in the band gap of liquid water due to deviation of its composition 2 1

The Hydrated-electron Absorption Spectrum in the View of the Band Theory of Liquid Water

“…and Δε ≥ 0 is the energy of absorbed hydrated electron. 8) -( 11) to the simple formula (12) Introducing a = (1+β) 2 / 2, b ik = y ik β 2 / 2, c ik = y ik β 2 /2, one can write (12) in the form (13) and to obtain the following result (14) according to integral [20] Then, the absorption spectrum P(Δε ) of hydrated electrons can be represented by formula…”

“…We believe that the excited hydrated electron is in one of two allowed energy levels in the band gap of liquid water. The molecular carriers of these occupied levels are the hydroxonium radical H 3 O and its cluster with hydride anion H 3 O • OHwhich is the one-charged molecular pair (H 2 O) -2 [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The hydrogen bonds of these carriers with other molecules of water extend in a spatial domain with a sufficiently large radius of gyration for the hydrated electron.…”

“…In addition, the electron levels of (H 2 O) − 2 and (H 2 O) + 2 are appeared in the band gap of liquid water in the case of its photo-ionization or under the action of high dc voltage onto water as in the Lord Armstrong experiment [13]. It means that there are only two allowed electron levels in the band gap of pure water in the thermodynamic-equilibrium state and these levels are connected with the inherent species in liquid water H 3 O + and OH − .…”