On the Genuineness of Citrus Essential Oils. Part XLIII. The Composition of the Volatile Fraction of Italian Sweet Orange Oils (Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck)

Abstract

Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:ABSTRACT: The composition of the volatile fraction of Italian sweet orange oil obtained from blond and blood pulp fruits has been studied by GC and GC/MS. The study has been carried out on 190 genuine oils obtained by "Pelatrice" and "FMC in-line" industrial processing during the 1991-92 season. More than 55 components have been identified in the oil, with limonene (ca. 95%) as the main component. Because of the relatively high percentage of octanal and decanal found in the oil, the carbonyl compounds are the most important components of the oxygenated fraction. The results obtained establish that the quantitative composition of sweet orange oil shows peculiar variations in many components during the season and greatly depends on the isolation procedure and the kind of fruit processed. Oil produced by the "Pelatrice" method has a lower monoterpene content and a higher aldehyde and alcohol content than the oil produced during the same time period by "FMC" process. Also, blood oils generally show a higher monoterpene content and a lower alcohol and aldehyde content than blond oils. In addition, early season and late season blond oils have a similar composition. While the amount of the other sesquiterpene hydrocarbons remains practically unchanged, the valencene content increases during the productive season mainly in blood oils. Esters, whose percentage does not reach 0.1%, also increase during the season; however, their content is probably not influenced by the oil isolation procedure or the kind of fruit from which the oil is obtained.

Multidimensional Capillary GC-GC for the Analysis of Real Complex Samples. Part IV. Enantiomeric Distribution of Monoterpene Hydrocarbons and Monoterpene Alcohols of Lemon Oils

“…Results obtained for terpinen-4-ol and a-terpineol agree with those previously determined in our laboratory [11,12]. Results reported by Bicchi et al [12] for terpinen-4-ol ((+)/( -)-terpinen-4-ol = 38/62) are probably due to the analytical technique used: in fact, the determination of the enantiomeric distribution by gas chromatographic analysis of the whole oil can give peaks overlap that alter the results, mainly for those components present in small amounts.…”

“…Values reported in the literature for the enantiomeric distribution of linalol in cold-pressed lemon oil [11,12,22] are in the ranges found in this work. There are no papers in the literature that report the seasonal variation of the enantiomeric distribution of linalol.…”

Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils

“…Aldehydes and alcohols were present about in the same amounts, accounting for a level more than 25 times higher than that of esters. As in earlier reviews on orange oils, 5,6,18,19 octanal and decanal were found in considerable amounts, 0.1% each.˛-anď -Sinensal were also detected in trace amounts. The ratio ofˇ-sinensal/˛-sinensal was 1.8, which is similar to that of Ovale and Valencia late oils from Italy and Valencia late sweet orange oil from the USA.…”

“…17 Alcohols have been described to be most important to orange flavour, 5,20 and linalool was predominant among them. 5,18 In this study the contents of linalool and˛-terpineol were 0.4% and 0.1%, respectively. Terpinen-4-ol,ˇ-citronellol, geraniol, perilla alcohol andˇ-elemol were detected in trace amounts.…”

Advanced and innovative chromatographic techniques for the study of citrus essential oils

“…Progress in material technology has enabled the construction of mechanical valves with miniaturized connections, and bitter orange oils. 57,58 Multiple fraction LC-GC analysis was applied to neroli and petitgrain oils (hydrocarbons and oxygenated components) 59,60 and to bergamot essential oil. 61 In this last research, four LC fractions of increasing polarity were subjected to secondary GC analysis.…”