On the genus Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Sohn (Halocyprida) with description of two new species from Southern Ocean deep sea

Abstract

Two new Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a species, T. dandani n. sp. and T. quasiporosa n. sp., have been described in the present paper. Both species have been collected during two expeditions to the Southern Ocean and are found in the deep sea. The first species is most closely related to T. caraionae Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a, but it has a very specific appearance of copulatory organ, anterior part being covered in small spines. The second species is most closely related to T. porosa Kornicker, 1985, and they differ in the carapace shape and morphology, while they have almost identical appearance of the male copulatory organ. A list of Thaumatocyprididae species and a key to the species of Thaumatoconcha are also presented in this paper.

Danielopolina revised: Phylogenetic relationships of the extant genera of the family Thaumatocyprididae (Ostracoda: Myodocopa)

“…The subgenus Danielopolina (Humphreysella) was established with the accompanying diagnosis "protopod of second antenna without posterior bristle", the type species was D. orghidani and it now contains nine species in total according to the list in Karanovic and Nunes Brandão (2012). These nine species (with the exception of D. styx which was excluded from the analysis) form a monophyletic group in our new analysis (Fig.…”

“…Its type species is Humphreysella orghidani (Danielopol, 1972) new combination, as originally designated by Kornicker and Danielopol in Kornicker et al (2006). It also contains the eight other species listed by Karanovic and Nunes Brandão (2012): H. bahamensis (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989a) new combination, H. baltanasi (Kornicker in Humphreys et al, 2009) new combination, H. elizabethae (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1992) new combination, H. exuma (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1998) new combination, H. kakuki (Kornicker and Iliffe, 2000) new combination, H. palmeri (Kornicker et al, 2007) new combination, H. styx (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989c) new combination, and H. wilkensi (Hartmann, 1985) new combination. In addition, we propose to transfer D. (D.) phalanx and D. (D.) mexicana to Humphreysella, as H. phalanx (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1995) new combination and as H. mexicana (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989a) new combination.…”

“…In addition, the epipodal bristles are often damaged during dissection, or are not described (e.g. Karanovic and Nunes Brandão, 2012), or not counted (Kornicker et al, 2007), creating more uncertainty. Given this uncertainty, it was not possible to robustly determine the homology of the protopodal bristles from the published information or use them in the character matrix.…”

“…Other included species: T. caraionae Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, T. dandani Karanovic and Nunes Brandão, 2012, T. elongata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, T. hessleri Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, T. pix Kornicker, 1992, T. polythrix Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, T. porosa Kornicker, 1985, T. punctata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, T. quasiporosa Karanovic and Nunes Brandão, 2012, T. sandersi Kornicker and Sohn, 1976and T. tuberculata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976 Habitat: deep-sea from 587 to 4889 m (Kornicker and Sohn, 1976;Karanovic and Nunes Brandão, 2012), see Table 1.…”

“…The establishment of the two subgenera, however, did not address the central problem of the paraphyletic or polyphyletic nature of Danielopolina (Danielopolina) which currently comprises D. (D.) carolynae, D. (D.) kornickeri, D. (D.) phalanx and D. (D.) mexicana(Kornicker et al, 2010;Karanovic and Nunes Brandão, 2012). As currently constituted, neither the genus Danielopolina nor the subgenus Danielopolina (Danielopolina) is monophyletic.…”