On the growth and form of cortical convolutions

Tallinen, Tuomas; Chung, Jun Young; Rousseau, François; Girard, Nadine; Lefèvre, Julien; Mahadevan, L.

doi:10.1038/nphys3632

Cited by 494 publications

(462 citation statements)

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“…The transition from wrinkling to folding occurs when the mismatch compressive strain between the skin and substrate attains a critical value and has been exploited to develop functional materials and to rationalize morphogenetic features of biological systems (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). The wrinkle-to-fold transition is, however, difficult to achieve in practice because relatively large compressive strains need to be induced in the skin-substrate system (15, 17, 18, 21, 22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spontaneous formation of aligned DNA nanowires by capillarity-induced skin folding

Nagashima

Kim

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Although DNA nanowires have proven useful as a template for fabricating functional nanomaterials and a platform for genetic analysis, their widespread use is still hindered because of limited control over the size, geometry, and alignment of the nanowires. Here, we document the capillarity-induced folding of an initially wrinkled surface and present an approach to the spontaneous formation of aligned DNA nanowires using a template whose surface morphology dynamically changes in response to liquid. In particular, we exploit the familiar wrinkling phenomenon that results from compression of a thin skin on a soft substrate. Once a droplet of liquid solution containing DNA molecules is placed on the wrinkled surface, the liquid from the droplet enters certain wrinkled channels. The capillary forces deform wrinkles containing liquid into sharp folds, whereas the neighboring empty wrinkles are stretched out. In this way, we obtain a periodic array of folded channels that contain liquid solution with DNA molecules. Such an approach serves as a template for the fabrication of arrays of straight or wrinkled DNA nanowires, where their characteristic scales are robustly tunable with the physical properties of liquid and the mechanical and geometrical properties of the elastic system. DNA nanowires | capillary forces | wrinkling | folding | instability A ssembling biomolecules and microorganisms (e.g., virus and DNA) into a desired architecture has offered new routes to the fabrication of nanomaterials (1, 2). In particular, DNA nanowires have proven useful as a template to fabricate functional nanomaterials and as a platform for genetic analysis (3-5). Molecular combing and its derivatives have been used widely to obtain such nanowires using an aqueous solution of DNA molecules, where capillary forces of the solution at a receding meniscus act to stretch and immobilize the molecules on a solid surface (6). To manipulate the size, geometry, and alignment of nanowires, much effort has been devoted to controlling the evaporation of the solutions by adjusting experimental parameters, such as concentration and temperature, or applying external forces that move the droplets in a desired direction (7-9). However, these approaches require careful handling only to generate nanowires that are randomly positioned and oriented. Templates whose surfaces are decorated with patterns, such as microwells (10), nanogratings (11), and micropillars (12, 13), have been shown to guide the location of nanowires. However, the experimental approaches for creating such patterns largely rely on lithography-based methods, which involve complex processes that are not readily accessible.Mechanical instabilities that occur in response to external stimuli (e.g., loading and heat) and geometric constraints cause surface wrinkling and folding of skin-substrate systems, which are ubiquitous in nature and have been harnessed to create wrinkled and folded materials for versatile applications (14). The transition from wrinkling to folding occurs when the misma...

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confidence: 99%

Spontaneous formation of aligned DNA nanowires by capillarity-induced skin folding

Nagashima

Kim

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…intestinal looping | buckling | biomechanics | Bmp | morphogenesis D ifferential growth represents one of the core physical mechanisms driving morphogenesis throughout the vertebrate embryo (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Investigations into the mechanics of differential growth have often illustrated key physical parameters (e.g., tissue stiffness, growth rates, and initial geometry) that determine the resultant tissue shape.…”

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confidence: 99%

BMP signaling controls buckling forces to modulate looping morphogenesis of the gut

Nerurkar

Mahadevan

Tabin

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Looping of the initially straight embryonic gut tube is an essential aspect of intestinal morphogenesis, permitting proper placement of the lengthy small intestine within the confines of the body cavity. The formation of intestinal loops is highly stereotyped within a given species and results from differential-growth–driven mechanical buckling of the gut tube as it elongates against the constraint of a thin, elastic membranous tissue, the dorsal mesentery. Although the physics of this process has been studied, the underlying biology has not. Here, we show that BMP signaling plays a critical role in looping morphogenesis of the avian small intestine. We first exploited differences between chicken and zebra finch gut morphology to identify the BMP pathway as a promising candidate to regulate differential growth in the gut. Next, focusing on the developing chick small intestine, we determined that Bmp2 expressed in the dorsal mesentery establishes differential elongation rates between the gut tube and mesentery, thereby regulating the compressive forces that buckle the gut tube into loops. Consequently, the number and tightness of loops in the chick small intestine can be increased or decreased directly by modulation of BMP activity in the small intestine. In addition to providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal development, our findings provide an example of how biochemical signals act on tissue-level mechanics to drive organogenesis, and suggest a possible mechanism by which they can be modulated to achieve distinct morphologies through evolution.

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“…The noticeable individual variation of the cortical surface and the lack of a proper knowledge on its functional meaning often hamper a reliable use of cortical landmarks. Cortical variations could be the result of geometrical relationships (Hofman, 2014), connectivity patterns (Van Essen, 1997), and biomechanical constraints (Tallinen et al, 2016). In any case, the scarce information available on variations and the mechanisms of cortical folding is still limiting the application of shape analysis in many brain districts.…”

Section: Modeling Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%