On the growth of nucleation mode particles: source rates of condensable vapor in polluted and clean environments

Kulmala, Markku; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Mönkkönen, P.; Koponen, Ismo K.; Maso, Miikka Dal; Aalto, Pasi; Lehtinen, K. E. J.; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti

doi:10.5194/acp-5-409-2005

Cited by 202 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The equilibrium vapour concentration of H 2 SO 4 is calculated for each day based on daily average data, for which the source rate and sink rate of H 2 SO 4 is balanced. Following Kulmala et al (2005) the time dependent vapour concentration of H 2 SO 4 , C, can be written as…”

Section: Nucleation Potential 441 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in aerosol properties during spring-summer period in the Arctic troposphere

Engvall

Krejčí²,

Ström³

et al. 2008

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

100

139

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Abstract. The change in aerosol properties during the transition from the more polluted spring to the clean summer in the Arctic troposphere was studied. A six-year data set of observations from Ny-Ålesund on Svalbard, covering the months April through June, serve as the basis for the characterisation of this time period. In addition four-day-back trajectories were used to describe air mass histories. The observed transition in aerosol properties from an accumulationmode dominated distribution to an Aitken-mode dominated distribution is discussed with respect to long-range transport and influences from natural and anthropogenic sources of aerosols and pertinent trace gases. Our study shows that the air-mass transport is an important factor modulating the physical and chemical properties observed. However, the airmass transport cannot alone explain the annually repeated systematic and rather rapid change in aerosol properties, occurring within a limited time window of approximately 10 days. With a simplified phenomenological model, which delivers the nucleation potential for new-particle formation, we suggest that the rapid shift in aerosol microphysical properties between the Arctic spring and summer is mainly driven by the incoming solar radiation in concert with transport of precursor gases and changes in condensational sink.

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Section: Nucleation Potential 441 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in aerosol properties during spring-summer period in the Arctic troposphere

Engvall

Krejčí²,

Ström³

et al. 2008

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

100

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This depends on the particle formation rate, i.e. the rate at which the new particles are nucleated, but also on the magnitude of the particle diameter growth rate (GR) to larger sizes relative to particle sinks, mainly coagulation to the pre-existing larger aerosol particles (Kerminen and Kulmala, 2002;Kerminen et al, 2004;Kulmala et al, 2005;Pierce and Adams, 2007;Kuang et al, 2009). Also, the potential health impacts of these particles depend on their size distribution and thus their condensational growth.…”

Section: T Yli-juuti Et Al: Growth Rates Of Nucleation Mode Particlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The condensational growth rate of aerosol particles formed in atmospheric new particle formation events is one of the most important factors influencing the lifetime of these particles and their ability to become climatically relevant. Diameter growth rates (GR) of nucleation mode particles were studied based on almost 7 yr of data measured during the years 2003-2009 at a boreal forest measurement station SMEAR II in Hyytiälä, Finland. The particle growth rates were estimated using particle size distributions measured with a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS), a Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer (BSMA) and an Air Ion Spectrometer (AIS). Two GR analysis methods were tested. The particle growth rates were also compared to an extensive set of ambient meteorological parameters and trace gas concentrations to investigate the processes/constituents limiting the aerosol growth. The median growth rates of particles in the nucleation mode size ranges with diameters of 1.5-3 nm, 3-7 nm and 7-20 nm were 1.9 nm h −1 , 3.8 nm h −1 , and 4.3 nm h −1 , respectively. The median relative uncertainties in the growth rates due to the size distribution instrumentation in these size ranges were 25 %, 19 %, and 8 %, respectively. For the smallest particles (1.5-3 nm) the AIS data yielded on average higher growth rate values than the BSMA data, and higher growth rates were obtained from positively charged size distributions as compared with negatively charged particles. For particles larger than 3 nm in diameter no such systematic differences were found. For these particles the uncertainty in the growth rate related to Correspondence to: T. Yli-Juuti (taina.yli-juuti@helsinki.fi) the analysis method, with relative uncertainty of 16 %, was similar to that related to the instruments. The growth rates of 7-20 nm particles showed positive correlation with monoterpene concentrations and their oxidation rate by ozone. The oxidation rate by OH did not show a connection with GR. Our results indicate that the growth of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä is mainly limited by the concentrations of organic precursors.

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“…Primary particles are directly emitted by a source while secondary particles are formed by the homogeneous condensation of gaseous precursors through a secondary process. This is known as new particle formation (NPF) and has been observed in many parts of the world in many different types of environments (Curtius, 2006;Kulmala et al, 2005Kulmala et al, , 2004Zhang et al, 2011). NPF is a complicated process in which molecular clusters come together to form particles at a size of about 1.6 nm (Kulmala et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of particles at their formation sizes in Beijing, China

Jayaratne

Pushpawela

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) has been observed in many highly polluted environments of South East Asia, including Beijing, where the extent of its contribution to intense haze events is still an open question. Estimated characteristics of NPF events, such as their starting times and formation and growth rates of particles, are more accurate when the detection range of particles extends to smaller sizes. In order to understand the very first steps of particle formation, we used a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) to investigate particle characteristics at sizes exactly at which atmospheric nucleation and cluster activity occurs. Observations over a continuous 3-month period in Beijing showed 26 NPF events. These events generally coincided with periods with relatively clean air when the wind direction was from the less industrialised north. No NPF events were observed when the daily mean PM 2.5 concentration exceeded 43 µg m −3 , which was the upper threshold for particle formation in Beijing. The fraction of particles that are charged in the size range 2-42 nm was normally about 15 %. However, this fraction increased to 20-30 % during haze events and decreased to below 10 % during NPF events. With the NAIS, we very precisely determined the starting times of NPF to a greater accuracy than has been possible in Beijing before and provided a temporal distribution of NPF events with a maximum at about 08:30 LT. Particle formation rates varied between 12 and 38 cm −3 s −1 . Particle growth rates were estimated to be in the range of 0.5-9.0 nm h −1 . These results are more reliable than previous studies in Beijing as the measurements were conducted for the first time at the exact sizes at which clusters form into particles and provide useful insight into the formation of haze events.

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On the growth of nucleation mode particles: source rates of condensable vapor in polluted and clean environments

Cited by 202 publications

References 40 publications

Changes in aerosol properties during spring-summer period in the Arctic troposphere

Changes in aerosol properties during spring-summer period in the Arctic troposphere

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

Observations of particles at their formation sizes in Beijing, China

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