On the Growth of Thin Anodic Oxides Showing Interference Colors on Valve Metals

Diamanti, Maria Vittoria; Garbagnoli, P.; Curto, Barbara Del; Pedeferri, MariaPia

doi:10.2174/1573413711666150212235619

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…To meet this aim, this work is intended to provide a comparison among different anodic oxidation conditions, focusing on different compositions of electrolytic solution -already mentioned, but to our knowledge not sufficiently explored, in literature [17,[25][26][27][28] -in order to identify suitable colouring treatments with potential for industrial transfer. To meet this aim, several electrolytes will be considered, either acids or salts, and particular attention will be given to the range of hues achievable and to their saturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust anodic colouring of titanium: Effect of electrolyte and colour durability

et al. 2016

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An ever growing number of studies involves the production of thin metal oxide films for various purposes, from surface hardening to sensing, to the production of self-cleaning surfaces. Among metallic oxides, titanium dioxide is by far the most investigated: it can be produced by anodic oxidation of titanium in a large variety of electrolytes, either acid, alkaline, or neutral, and within certain limits oxide thickness is linearly proportional to the cell voltage applied. Common industrial plants for titanium anodising use acid electrolytes, which may pose safety issues as well as plant corrosion issues. This article proposes a screening of most common, plus some uncommon, electrolytic solutions used in the anodising of titanium, in order to identify suitable alternatives to acids in the range of neutral electrolytes. Oxides produced in optimal conditions are fully characterised, and treatment robustness is investigated, in order to understand the feasibility of technological transfer. A selection of anodising electrolytes and conditions is finally proposed for applications in architectural and jewellery applications, together with a method for colour restoration in case of wear or mechanical damaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust anodic colouring of titanium: Effect of electrolyte and colour durability

et al. 2016

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“…Ion migration that allows oxide growth during anodizing takes place in a solid film tens, or hundreds, of nanometers thick; therefore, it is associated with very high electric fields, in the order of 10 7 V/cm. To achieve such conditions, current densities of some tens or hundreds of A/m 2 are used, and cell voltages to produce thin compact films are between 10 and 100 V [12,16]. A very large number of electrolytes can be employed, from diluted acids to neutral salts, to alkaline solutions [17][18][19].…”

Section: Thin Compact Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxide thickness increases linearly with applied cell voltage: anodizing ratios are in the range of 2 ± 0.5 nm/V depending on metal composition, electrolyte and growth mode-either galvanostatic or with potential ramp [12,[17][18][19]. The thicker the oxide already formed, the more onerous its further thickening: indeed, at growing voltages-and hence oxide thicknessesother parasitic processes may kick in, consuming part of the current supplied to the electrode.…”

Section: Thin Compact Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, if the amount of charge employed in the process is used to estimate oxide thickness by coulometry [20,21], the so-calculated thickness is affected by parasitic reactions, since a portion of current is dissipated, mostly in oxygen evolution, to an increasing extent with increasing cell voltage (Figure 1) [19,20]. Most of research studies on the growth of thin films by anodic oxidation refer to titanium and its alloys and to aluminum [12][13][14][22][23][24][25], given their relevance in already mature industrial applications. Some works are also proposed on other metals, such as zirconium, niobium, hafnium; yet, they generally focus on the obtaining of high specific surface area morphologies, such as nanotubes [26], which are described in next paragraph.…”

Section: Thin Compact Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Paragraph 2, the principles of anodic oxidation are described to highlight the typical oxide characteristics that can be achieved. The discussion will be limited to thin oxide layers, and no reference will be made to thicker ceramic oxides produced in sparking regime, as they are not pertinent to the present application [12]. Paragraph 3 provides a comparison of the characteristics of different metal oxides that show memristive properties, focusing on those that can be obtained by anodic oxidation, and then specifically focuses on anodic oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memristive Anodic Oxides: Production, Properties and Applications in Neuromorphic Computing

Brenna¹,

Corinto²,

Noori³

et al. 2018

Advances in Memristor Neural Networks - Modeling and Applications

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Memristive devices generally consist of metal oxide elements with specific structure and chemical composition, which are crucial to obtain the required variability in resistance. This makes the control of oxide properties vital. While CMOS compatible production technologies for metal oxides deposition generally involve physical or chemical deposition pathways, we here describe the possibility of using an electrochemical technique, anodic oxidation, as an alternative route to produce memristive oxides. In fact, anodization allows to form a very large range of oxides on the surface of valve metals, such as titanium, hafnium, niobium and tantalum, whose thickness, structure and functional properties depend on process parameters imposed. These oxides may be of interest to build neural networks based on memristive elements produced by anodic oxidation.

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Generation of Wide Color Gamut in a Collisional and Magnetized Plasma by Laser‐Induced Coloration on Composite Structure Surfaces

Zhao,

Xia,

Cao

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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In this paper, a new scheme for generating a wide gamut of structural colors on the thin‐film‐stack‐based (TFSB) substrates is proposed. The TFSB surfaces consist of titanium/random gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and titanium/ random gold and copper nanoparticles (Au+CuNPs), which can trigger more resonance absorption and widen the color gamut. The electric fields in two designed structures are simulated, and the results showed that the random distribution of AuNPs and Au+CuNPs enhance the uniform local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response. This enhancement is crucial in broadening the coverage of the reflection spectrum, which enables the generation of a wide range of colors, including green and red. The influence of laser parameters on the color of TFSB substrates and tested their durability in terms of time is analyzed. Finally, a color palette and made structural color patterns on TFSB by nanosecond pulsed laser are prepared. The proposed new scheme can be easily fabricated by magnetron sputtering without requiring additional procedures, which can open new perspectives in plasmonic colors. This work demonstrates that the promising potential of methods in creating a wide color gamut on metallic surfaces. Additionally, it serves as a means to store information for the preservation and protection of traditional cultures.

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On the Growth of Thin Anodic Oxides Showing Interference Colors on Valve Metals

Cited by 18 publications

References 122 publications

Robust anodic colouring of titanium: Effect of electrolyte and colour durability

Robust anodic colouring of titanium: Effect of electrolyte and colour durability

Memristive Anodic Oxides: Production, Properties and Applications in Neuromorphic Computing

Generation of Wide Color Gamut in a Collisional and Magnetized Plasma by Laser‐Induced Coloration on Composite Structure Surfaces

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