On the History of the Discovery and Nature of Diamonds in Volcanic Rocks of Kamchatka

Гордеев, Е. И.; Силаев, В. И.; Карпов, Г. А.; Anikin, L. P.; Vasiliev, E. A.; Sukharev, A. E.

doi:10.17072/psu.geol.18.4.307

Вест. ПГУ. Геология

2019

DOI: 10.17072/psu.geol.18.4.307

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On the History of the Discovery and Nature of Diamonds in Volcanic Rocks of Kamchatka

Е. И. Гордеев¹,

В. И. Силаев²,

Г. А. Карпов³

et al.

Abstract: The history of the discovery of diamonds in the products of Kamchatka volcanic eruptions is briefly described, and the results of comprehensive studies of Tolbachin diamonds including crystallomorphology, faceted sculptures, xenomineral greases and films on the surface, nanomicroswitches, impurity elements, spectroscopic properties, isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen are summarized. The conclusion is drawn about the natural origin of the Tolbachin diamonds formed directly in the volcanic ash-gas cloud… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

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About Diamonds of the Ingul-Ingulets Domain (the Ukrainian Shield)

Kvasnytsya¹

2021

Mìneral. ž.

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Three finds of diamonds on the Ingul-Ingulets domain of the Ukrainian Shield are considered: in breccia-like rocks of the Gruzke area, in eclogite-like rocks in the basin of the Ingul River and the Zeleny Gayi meteorite crater. A brief description of these diamonds is made, which represent their different geological and genetic types. Тhe veracity of these diamond findings and the origin of their crystals are appreciated. It is shown that 8 diamonds of the Gruzke area differ in size (0.2-1.4 mm), shape, colour, set of nitrogen centres and degree of preservation. According to infrared spectroscopy, all the studied crystals can be attributed to natural diamonds of the mantle type and distinguish them into separate groups, as they belong to several spectral types: IIa, IaAB, Iab and Ib. However, there are several doubts about the veracity of this finding: 1. Finding in small samples of the core wells of such a high concentration of diamonds. 2. A large variety of crystals in these samples by spectral types of physical classification. 3. Signs of mechanical wear on all crystals, which does not exclude the version of their origin from a diamond drill bit (a mixture of crystals of the natural and possibly synthetic diamond). The question of whether the found diamonds belong to the breccia-like rocks of the Gruzke area remains open. Small diamonds (up to 0.3 mm), which are found in eclogite-like rocks in the basin of the Ingul River on several grounds (mainly cubo-octahedral habit, manifestations of skeletal forms of growth, flat surface of the cube faces, yellow-green colour, inclusions) are very similar to crystals of synthetic HPHT diamond. However, the same small diamonds are found in the rocks of the Euro-Asian Alpine and the Ural and Central-Asian Caledonian ophiolite belts and the eruptions of modern volcanoes in Kamchatka. Such diamonds are also found in lamproite-like rocks of the Mriya pipe in the Azov Sea region, and they are found in weathering crusts and terrigenous deposits of Ukraine. It is necessary to find out the true nature of these findings. Therefore, it is necessary to audit all finds of such diamonds in Ukraine. It is shown that diamonds from the Zeleny Gayi meteorite crater are typical impact apographitic crystals - diamond paramorphoses on graphite. The conclusions of some researchers about the mantle nature of these diamonds from this crater are denied.

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About Diamonds of the Ingul-Ingulets Domain (the Ukrainian Shield)

Kvasnytsya¹

2021

Mìneral. ž.

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Tolbachik diamonds (TFE-50, Kamchatka): new evidence of volcanogenic nature

Силаев

Anikin

Карпов

et al. 2023

Vestnik of Geosciences

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Why Tolbachik Diamonds Cannot be Natural

Litasov

Kagi

Bekker

et al. 2021

American Mineralogist

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Taking into account recent publications, we provide additional comprehensive evidence that type Ib cuboctahedral diamonds and some other microcrystalline diamonds from Kamchatka volcanic rocks and alluvial placers cannot be natural and undoubtedly represent synthetic materials, which appear in the natural rocks by anthropogenic contamination. The major arguments provided in favor of the natural origin of those diamonds can be easily disproved. They include the coexistence of diamond and deltalumite from Koryaksky volcano; coexistence with super-reduced corundum and moissanite, Mn-Ni silicide inclusions, F-Cl enrichment and F/Cl ratios, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in Tolbachik diamonds, as well as microtwinning, Mn-Ni silicides, and other inclusions in microcrystalline diamond aggregates from other Kamchatka placers. We emphasize the importance of careful comparison of unusual minerals found in nature, which include type Ib cuboctahedral diamonds and super-reduced phase assemblages resembling industrial slags, with synthetic analogs. The cavitation model proposed for the origin of Tolbachik diamonds is also unreliable since cavitation has only been shown to cause the formation of nanosized diamonds only.

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On the History of the Discovery and Nature of Diamonds in Volcanic Rocks of Kamchatka

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

About Diamonds of the Ingul-Ingulets Domain (the Ukrainian Shield)

About Diamonds of the Ingul-Ingulets Domain (the Ukrainian Shield)

Tolbachik diamonds (TFE-50, Kamchatka): new evidence of volcanogenic nature

Why Tolbachik Diamonds Cannot be Natural

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