On the hydrophobic hydration, solvation and interface: A thought essay (I)

Ni, Henmei

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120690

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In our previous work [40] , a thermodynamic logic chain has been demonstrated, originating from the molecular collision of gas and solvent, sequentially solvation, to the structure of interface, and ending with interfacial tension and internal pressure of interface. In this paper, along the logic chain, the collision of gas molecules with the container walls, and the consequence of such collision will be addressed.…”

Section: = 1 + 𝐵(𝑇)𝜌 + 𝐶(𝑇)𝜌 + ⋯ ⋯mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A general and simple state equation for all gases

Zhu

2023

Preprint

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A general and simple state equation for all gases is proposed based on the theory that the elastic collision between the boundary and gas molecules contributes the pressure, whilst the completely inelastic collision contributes the exchange of heat between the gas and the surrounding via boundary. In addition, at the high density and temperature, the high frequency of collision abates the distance of molecular motion, thus the effect of molecular mass is significant. Therefore, the gravity is introduced into the state equation. The general state equation covers the whole temperature range below the critical temperature. The full thermodynamic data of liquid-gas equilibrium at saturation of 39 substances including the light and heavy water are used for the fitting of equation. The general state equation fits the reference data well except the temperature near to the critical temperature. Moreover, the theory is applicable for the liquid, and the calculation of thermodynamic parameters such as the specific heat capacity.

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Section: = 1 + 𝐵(𝑇)𝜌 + 𝐶(𝑇)𝜌 + ⋯ ⋯mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For walls, as discussed in the essay (I) [40] , x 1 is also affected by the properties of wall. If the molecules/ions/atoms of wall interact with the gas molecules, the potential energy (E p ) favors the liquefaction of gas, which will move ε c to the lower range.…”

Section: ∆𝑆 = 𝑅𝑙𝑛 𝑉mentioning

confidence: 99%

A general and simple state equation for all gases

Zhu

2023

Preprint

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“…The first one is the hydrolysis of CN groups on the surface of particles and in the aqueous phase. The second one lies on Ni's suggestion 57,73 that a considerable amount of OH À is adsorbed by PS segments to enhance the stability of hydration clathrates. These two factors are the sources of negative charge on the surface of PS particles prepared by SFEP initiated with AIBN.…”

Section: Ph Changes Of Sfep Performed In Different Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A feasible model is to expose particles to the saturated vapor of the monomer in a closed box. Provided that the vapor pressure of PS is negligible and the St-St interaction in St liquid phase is equal to the St unit-St unit interaction in PS chains, in addition, the St units of chains are free, according to Ni's thermodynamic theory, 57 at the swollen equilibrium of a big PS block:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of gel effect and living free radicals in particles: Soap‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene by using 2,2'‐azobis(isobutyronitrile)

Zhu,

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Batch, in situ seeded and stepwise dosing monomer, and normal seeded soap‐free emulsion polymerizations (SFEP) of styrene were carried out by using the oil‐soluble 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the experimental results. Typical auto‐accelerative effect in the bulk free‐radical polymerization was also observed in the macro‐kinetics of batch SFEP at 60 and 65°C. Flat‐roof GPC curves appeared at the post‐auto‐acceleration. In addition, in particles exhibited a positive relationship with the size of particles. The bigger size the larger . In the in situ seeded polymerization, the flat‐roof GPC curves of seed turned into the asymmetric Gaussian type exhibiting the great increase of the fraction of larger with the sequential addition of styrene. In addition, the number of seeds was kept constant throughout the polymerization. It indicated that the free radicals were generated and confined in the growing particles. In the normal seeded polymerization, showed a strong dependence on the average assigned amount of St per seed particle. The more monomers per seed particle the larger was gained. Based on these results, it was postulated that the free radicals were living due to the gel effect occurring in particles, namely that the free radicals were segregated by the dry polymer chains. The kinetics model was also given based on the microdroplets theory.

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“…Such a difficult or embarrassing situation usually is resulted from the bias of the substantial understanding of molecular thermodynamics, thereby dismissing the "shouldn't be" factors. In the essay (I) [40] , a thermodynamic logic chain has been demonstrated, originating from the molecular collision of gas and solvent, sequentially solvation, to the structure of interface, and ending with interfacial tension and internal pressure of interface. In this paper, along the logic chain, the collision of gas molecules with the container walls, and the consequence of such collision will be addressed.…”

Section: = 1 + ( ) + ( ) + ⋯ ⋯mentioning

confidence: 99%

A general and simple state equation for all gases

Zhu

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A general and simple state equation for all gases is proposed based on the theory that the elastic collision between the boundary and gas molecules contributes the pressure, whilst the completely inelastic collision contributes the exchange of heat between the gas and the surrounding via boundary. In addition, at the high density and temperature, the high frequency of collision abates the distance of molecular motion, thus the effect of molecular mass is significant. Therefore, the gravity is introduced into the state equation. The general state equation covers the whole temperature range from the melt point to the critical temperature, but is invalid solid near to the critical point including the vapor pressure of solid, liquid and the single gas phase of a substance. 39 substances including the light and heavy water are collected with the full thermodynamic data of liquid-gas equilibrium at saturation. The general state equation fits the reference data well with the errors, <5%, for most of the substances.

show abstract

On the hydrophobic hydration, solvation and interface: A thought essay (I)

Cited by 7 publications

References 74 publications

A general and simple state equation for all gases

A general and simple state equation for all gases

Evidence of gel effect and living free radicals in particles: Soap‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene by using 2,2'‐azobis(isobutyronitrile)

A general and simple state equation for all gases

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