On the Inter-Laminar Shear Strength of Composites Manufactured via a Stepped-Concurrent UV Curing and Layering Process

Abstract

In this paper, we set to examine the inter-laminar shear strength of a fiber-reinforced composite part manufactured via a stepped-concurrent ultraviolet curing and layering process. This process was specifically proposed for making epoxy-based thick parts, whereby a layer-by-layer, model-based, optimal layering time and ultraviolet control scheme is set up with the objective of minimizing the degree of cure deviation across the final thick part. We focus on a cationic curing process wherein additional energy savings are possible by switching off the ultraviolet source after initiating the curing reaction with the ultraviolet source at each layer addition. Since the inter-laminar sheer strength of parts made via a layering process is often a concern, we consider the application of in-situ consolidation pressure in the layering process. We then characterize the inter-laminar shear strength by manufacturing samples with application of different in-situ consolidation pressures and measuring the inter-laminar shear strength of each sample by the short-beam shear test. The results showed that the inter-laminar shear strength of composite parts fabricated with the proposed stepped-concurrent curing, and layering process increases with the applied consolidation pressure up to a point. Scanning electron microscopy of samples cured at different in-situ consolidation pressure showed that the sample with optimum consolidation pressure has relatively uniform fiber to resin distribution and hence improved inter-laminar shear strength.

The Three-Dimensional Printing of Composites: A Review of the Finite Element/Finite Volume Modelling of the Process

“…The principle included the in-situ impregnation of fibers through a liquid resin reservoir, resulting in the composite being extruded through a nozzle and then cured either by a heat or light source, such as one may see in Figure 2. Reinforcements are mainly synthetic fibers such as CF, GF, or Aramid [49][50][51], with thermoset resins such as epoxy [52,53], photo-curable acrylic resins [54,55], phenolic resins [56], or frontal polymerization resins [57].…”