On the Interactions Between Fusarium Toxin-Contaminated Wheat and Nonstarch Polysaccharide Hydrolyzing Enzymes in Diets of Broilers on Performance, Intestinal Viscosity, and Carryover of Deoxynivalenol

Abstract

Wheat was inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Broiler diets were formulated to contain this Fusarium-infected wheat (FIW) or control wheat (CW) at a proportion of 60% and were prepared without and with an exogenous nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolyzing enzyme preparation [endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) 1,000 FXU/g; ZY68, Lohmann Animal Health GmbH & Co. KG, Cuxhaven, Germany] to test the hypothesis that Fusarium infection-related increases in NSP hydrolyzing enzyme activities could compensate for the deleterious effects of the fungal-origin mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Deoxynivalenol concentration of CW and FIW amounted to 0.045 and 2.5 mg/kg of DM, respectively. After 35 d, the level of feed intake was generally lower in broilers fed the diets containing the FIW. Feed intake was stimulated by the addition of the NSP enzyme to both diet types. Similar relationships were observed for live weight gain, although the enzyme effect was much more pronounced for the CW-fed broilers, who performed even worse than the broilers fed the unsupplemented FIW. Viscosity was significantly reduced in the jejunum and the ileum by supplemental exogenous NSP hydrolyzing enzyme. However, this effect was more pronounced when the enzyme was added to the control diet, as indicated by the significant interactions between wheat and NSP enzyme. Concentrations of DON and its metabolite deepoxy-DON in plasma, bile, liver, and breast meat were lower than the detection limits of the applied HPLC-method. Overall, it can be concluded that feeding FIW might positively influence broiler performance and nutritional physiology, as indicated by the reduced intestinal viscosity and the less pronounced effects of addition of an exogenous NSP hydrolyzing enzyme preparation.

Effects of xylanase and citric acid on the performance, nutrient retention, and characteristics of gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed low-phosphorus wheat-based diets

“…This is in agreement with the results of Engberg et al (2004) and Dänicke et al (2007). The viscosity values of the jejunal digesta were in the range reported by Woyengo et al (2008).…”

Deoxynivalenol as a contaminant of broiler feed: Effects on bird performance and response to common vaccines

“…However, the present results on the negative effects of the low DON diet (in wk 3) are not in agreement with the available literature. Beginning with the report of Hulan and Proudfoot (1982) up to the report of Dänicke et al (2007), there are at least 15 reports on the effects of DON on broiler performance. Except for scanty reports regarding moderate levels (7-10 mg/ kg) of DON (Dänicke et al, 2003;Swamy et al, 2004), there is a general agreement that the minimum level of DON that negatively affects broiler performance is around 16 mg/kg of diet.…”

Ascaridia galliinfection of pullets and intestinal viscosity: consequences for nutrient retention and gut morphology

“…Both higher excreta viscosity and moisture content might significantly contribute to the spreading of eggs, since the feathers of the birds concerned are contaminated with excreta (Dänicke et al, 2007). Wet litter facilitates external parasite development (Davies and Joyner, 1955) and increases the tenacity of eggs in the environment (Roesicke and Greuel, 1992).…”