On the interlayer toughening of carbon fibre/epoxy composites using surface-activated ultra-thin PEEK films

Wang, Guilong; Zhao, Guoqun; Alderliesten, R.C.

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116309

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The fact that a large number of fibers from the fabric were pulled out and fractured also played an important role in energy absorption, greatly improving interlaminar fracture toughness (see Figure 8D-H). [31][32][33]…”

Section: Damage Morphology and Failure Mechanism Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28][29] Fiber veil reinforcement has been shown to have a positive impact on the out-of-face mechanical properties of laminates, such as reduced impact damage and increased service life. [30][31][32][33] Zhang et al 34 used a fiber veil to reinforce magnesium-based composite laminates, resulting in the effective reinforcement of flexural strength and impact resistance of the composite laminates. It has also been shown that fiber veils could be used to improve the compression after impact (CAI) 35 and interlaminar fracture toughness of composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stitching reinforcement and Z‐pin reinforcement have reduced in‐plane properties of the laminates, which could introduce defects, and also have the disadvantages of difficult implantation of Z‐pin/stitching on thermoplastic composites 26–29 . Fiber veil reinforcement has been shown to have a positive impact on the out‐of‐face mechanical properties of laminates, such as reduced impact damage and increased service life 30–33 . Zhang et al 34 used a fiber veil to reinforce magnesium‐based composite laminates, resulting in the effective reinforcement of flexural strength and impact resistance of the composite laminates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of interlaminar basalt fiber veil reinforcement on mode I fracture toughness of basalt fiber composites

Zhao,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Composite structures are vulnerable to delamination under out‐of‐plane loading due to the absence of reinforcing fibers in the thickness direction. This paper introduced the interlaminar basalt fiber veil technique to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite laminates. The reinforcement effect of the basalt fiber veil on GIC of composite laminates was investigated by a double cantilever beam (DCB) test. The toughening effect, damage morphology, and the basalt fiber veil toughening mechanism were analyzed by mechanical response, optical photos, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the basalt fiber veil could significantly inhibit the propagation of interlaminar cracks. Compared to the unreinforced specimen, the maximum load of basalt fiber veil‐reinforced laminate was increased by 73%, the average platform load was increased by 72.7% and the GIC was increased by 157%.Highlights Improvement of GIC of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic laminates by basalt fiber veil. The toughening mechanism for the basalt fiber veil. The GIC of the fiber veil‐reinforced laminate was 157% higher than the unreinforced laminate.

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Section: Damage Morphology and Failure Mechanism Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of interlaminar basalt fiber veil reinforcement on mode I fracture toughness of basalt fiber composites

Zhao,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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“…Thermoplastic additives, or nanofillers, are added to the matrix mainly to improve the fracture toughness or thermal properties of the CFRP. 9,10 There are various thermoplastic polymers, such as polyamide, polyimide, polyether sulfone, 11 and polyphenylene ether (PPE), that can be added to CFRP composites to tailor their properties. Daelemans et al, 12 reported a 45% increase in Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness for CF/epoxy composites toughened with electrospun polyamide nanofibrous veils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent times, the incorporation of thermoplastic additives into CFRP composites has become a focus of interest in the field of polymer composites. Thermoplastic additives, or nanofillers, are added to the matrix mainly to improve the fracture toughness or thermal properties of the CFRP 9,10 . There are various thermoplastic polymers, such as polyamide, polyimide, polyether sulfone, 11 and polyphenylene ether (PPE), that can be added to CFRP composites to tailor their properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using polyphenylene ether as a modifier

Veeramani,

Devine,

Quinn

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CFRP) were fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) with polyphenylene ether (PPE) as a toughening agent. The PPE contained hydroxyl end groups that facilitated chemical bonding with epoxy during curing. PPE was incorporated into the epoxy matrix by dissolution, and spreading in the interlaminar regions. The presence of PPE as a toughener exhibited significant improvement in the Mode‐I fracture toughness of the composites. The CFRP samples, which were toughened with 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% PPE, showed about 191% to 380% enhancement, respectively, in the critical energy release rate (GIC) compared to the unmodified sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed about a 6°C increase in the glass transition temperature of the toughened composites, which is an interesting aspect of this work. These results indicate the potential of using PPE as a toughening agent in CFRP composites.

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Fracture toughness and failure behavior of CF/epoxy composites interleaved with melt‐infused PET, PEI, and PEEK film

Too,

Kumar,

Kim

2024

Polymer Composites

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This study investigates the effect of incorporating polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyetherimide (PEI), and polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) thermoplastic films in melt form as interlayers to toughen carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The addition of melt‐infused PET, PEI, and PEEK film into carbon fiber/epoxy composite enhanced the mode‐I interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) by 60%, 156%, and 284%, respectively. The primary toughening mechanisms found were plastic deformation and mechanical interlocking through fiber bridging, which left fiber imprint traces on the fracture surface. The mode‐II ILFT of PET, PEI, and PEEK film interleaved laminates was improved by 80%, 188%, and 96%, respectively. Plastic deformation was observed to be the principal toughening mechanism. Notably, these enhancements in ILFT were achieved while simultaneously increasing interlaminar shear strength. These findings show the role of hot‐melt‐infused PET, PEI, and PEEK thermoplastic films in the improvement of ILFT of composites which is crucial in the design of damage‐tolerant composite structures.Highlights Composites were interleaved with PET, PEI, and PEEK films via melt‐infusion. Mode‐I and mode‐II ILFT were significantly enhanced, up to 284% for PEEK. Failure exhibited plastic deformation, extensive fiber bridging, and pull‐out. Melt‐infusion created complex, mechanically interlocked interfaces.

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On the interlayer toughening of carbon fibre/epoxy composites using surface-activated ultra-thin PEEK films

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of interlaminar basalt fiber veil reinforcement on mode I fracture toughness of basalt fiber composites

Effect of interlaminar basalt fiber veil reinforcement on mode I fracture toughness of basalt fiber composites

Enhancing fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using polyphenylene ether as a modifier

Fracture toughness and failure behavior of CF/epoxy composites interleaved with melt‐infused PET, PEI, and PEEK film

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