On the Interpretation of the Burst Structure of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Ruffini, Remo; Bianco, C. L.; Fraschetti, Federico; Xue, She‐Sheng; Chardonnet, Pascal

doi:10.1086/323176

Cited by 122 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Theoretical models for precursors can be separated into three classes: the "fireball precursor" models (Mészáros & Rees 2000;Ruffini et al 2001;Daigne & Mochkovitch 2002;Lyutikov & Blandford 2003;Li 2007); the "progenitor precursor" models (Ramirez-Ruiz et al 2002;Lazzati & Begelman 2005) and the "two step engine" model (Wang & Mészáros 2007 [W07]; Lipunova et al 2009 [L09]). In the first class the precursor is associated to the initially trapped fireball radiation being released when transparency is reached.…”

Section: Article Published By Edp Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time resolved spectral behavior of bright BATSE precursors

Burlon

Ghirlanda

Ghisellini

et al. 2009

A&A

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Aims. Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are sometimes preceded by dimmer emission episodes, called "precursors", whose nature is still a puzzle: they could either have the same origin as the main emission episode or they could be due to another mechanism. We investigate if precursors have some spectral distinctive feature with respect to the main GRB episodes. Methods. To this aim we compare the spectral evolution of the precursor with that of the main GRB event. We also study if and how the spectral parameters, and in particular the peak of the νF ν spectrum of time resolved spectra, correlates with the flux. This allows us to test if the spectra of the precursor and of the main event belong to the same correlation (if any). We searched GRBs with precursor activity in the complete sample of 2704 bursts detected by BATSE finding that 12% of GRBs have one or more precursors. Among these we considered the bursts with time resolved spectral analysis performed by Kaneko et al. (2006, ApJS, 166, 298), selecting those having at least two time resolved spectra for the precursor. Results. We find that precursors and main events have very similar spectral properties. The spectral evolution within precursors has similar trends as the spectral evolution observed in the subsequent peaks. Also the typical spectral parameters of the precursors are similar to those of the main GRB events. Moreover, in several cases we find that within the precursors the peak energy of the spectrum is correlated with the flux similarly to what happens in the main GRB event. This strongly favors models in which the precursor is due to the same fireball physics of the main emission episodes.

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Section: Article Published By Edp Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time resolved spectral behavior of bright BATSE precursors

Burlon

Ghirlanda

Ghisellini

et al. 2009

A&A

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“…We assume that all GRBs, whether "short" or "long", originate from the gravitational collapse of a black hole (Ruffini et al 2001b). The e ± plasma created in the process of the black hole formation expands as a spherically symmetric "fireshell" with a constant width in the laboratory frame, i.e.…”

Section: The Fireshell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have only two free parameters characterizing the source, namely the total energy E tot e ± of the e ± plasma and its baryon loading B ≡ M B c 2 /E tot e ± , where M B is the total baryons' mass (Ruffini et al 2000). They fully determine the optically thick acceleration phase of the fireshell, which lasts until the transparency condition is reached and the Proper-GRB (P-GRB, Ruffini et al 2001b) is emitted. The afterglow emission then starts due to the collision between the remaining optically thin fireshell and the CBM, and it clearly depends on the parameters describing the effective CBM distribution (see below).…”

Section: The Fireshell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The afterglow emission then starts due to the collision between the remaining optically thin fireshell and the CBM, and it clearly depends on the parameters describing the effective CBM distribution (see below). The luminosity of such an afterglow emission consists of a rising branch, a peak, and a decaying tail (Ruffini et al 2001b).…”

Section: The Fireshell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piran 2004, and references therein), in our model we define a "canonical GRB" light curve with two sharply different components: the P-GRB and the afterglow (Ruffini et al 2001b(Ruffini et al , 2007a. The ratio between the total energies of these two components and the temporal separation between their peaks are functions of the B parameter (Ruffini et al 2001b). The peak of the afterglow contributes to what is usually called the GRB "prompt emission" (e.g.…”

Section: The Fireshell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GRB 060218 and GRBs associated with supernovae Ib/c

Dainotti¹,

Bernardini²,

Bianco³

et al. 2007

A&A

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Context. The Swift satellite has given continuous data in the range 0.3-150 keV from 0 s to 10 6 s for GRB 060218 associated with SN2006aj. This Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) which has an unusually long duration (T 90 ∼ 2100 s) fulfills the Amati relation. These data offer the opportunity to probe theoretical models for GRBs connected with Supernovae (SNe). Aims. We plan to fit the complete γ-and X-ray light curves of this long duration GRB, including the prompt emission, in order to clarify the nature of the progenitors and the astrophysical scenario of the class of GRBs associated with SNe Ib/c. Methods. We apply our "fireshell" model based on the formation of a black hole, giving the relevant references. It is characterized by the precise equations of motion and equitemporal surfaces and by the role of thermal emission. Results. The initial total energy of the electron-positron plasma E tot e ± = 2.32 × 10 50 erg has a particularly low value, similar to the other GRBs associated with SNe. For the first time, we observe a baryon loading B = 10 −2 which coincides with the upper limit for the dynamical stability of the fireshell. The effective CircumBurst Medium (CBM) density shows a radial dependence n cbm ∝ r −α with 1.0 < ∼ α < ∼ 1.7 and monotonically decreases from 1 to 10 −6 particles/cm 3 . This behavior is interpreted as being due to a fragmentation in the fireshell. Analogies with the fragmented density and filling factor characterizing Novae are outlined. The fit presented is particularly significant in view of the complete data set available for GRB 060218 and of the fact that it fulfills the Amati relation. Conclusions. We fit GRB 060218, usually considered as an X-Ray Flash (XRF), as a "canonical GRB" within our theoretical model. The smallest possible black hole, formed by the gravitational collapse of a neutron star in a binary system, is consistent with the especially low energetics of the class of GRBs associated with SNe Ib/c. We provide the first evidence for a fragmentation in the fireshell. This fragmentation is crucial in explaining both the unusually large T 90 and the consequently inferred abnormally low value of the CBM effective density.

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Observational Tests of the Electro-Magnetic Black Hole Theory in Gamma Ray Bursts

Ruffini

Eso Astrophysics Symposia

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The Relative Space-Time Transformation (RSTT) Paradigm [44] and the Interpretation of the Burst Structure (IBS) Paradigm [45] are applied to the analysis of the structure of the burst and afterglow of Gamma-Ray Bursts within the theory based on the vacuum polarization process occurring in an Electro-Magnetic Black Hole, the EMBH theory. This framework is applied to the study of the GRB 991216 which is used as a prototype. The GRB-Supernova Time Sequence (GSTS) Paradigm, which introduces the concept of induced gravitational collapse in the Supernovae-GRB association [46], is announced and will be applied, within the EMBH theory, to GRB 980425 as a prototype in a forthcoming paper.

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On the Interpretation of the Burst Structure of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Cited by 122 publications

References 14 publications

Time resolved spectral behavior of bright BATSE precursors

Time resolved spectral behavior of bright BATSE precursors

GRB 060218 and GRBs associated with supernovae Ib/c

Observational Tests of the Electro-Magnetic Black Hole Theory in Gamma Ray Bursts

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