“…The Wheeler et al study is one of few providing empirical data on the topic of how unjust and biased patient behaviors affect physicians, especially those from socially marginalized groups. A 2017 survey found that almost 60% of responding physicians reported experiences of biased treatment from patients based on their own race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, or religion . Other reports have included case reports, personal narratives, recommendations for trainees, a framework for considering patients’ requests for physician reassignment based on racial or ethnic background, and hospital policies for responding to bias incidents.…”