On the Inverse Problem of Binocular 3D Motion Perception

Lages, Martin; Heron, Suzanne

doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000999

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The same projective geometry that defines monocular optic flow information (Gibson 1950) also gives rise to the differing monocular signals for velocity- and disparity-based binocular computations—a simple by-product of the two eyes being horizontally offset but otherwise following the same fundamental geometry. The importance of integrating binocular and monocular cues to 3D motion has been proposed as a crucial component to solving the inverse 3D-motion-correspondence problem (Lages & Heron 2010) and is an important component of recognizing the full geometric dependencies inherent to binocular visual perception.…”

Section: Binocular Cues For the Perception Of 3d Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Mechanisms of 3D Motion Processing

Cormack

Czuba

Knöll

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

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The visual system must recover important properties of the external environment if its host is to survive. Because the retinae are effectively two-dimensional but the world is three-dimensional (3D), the patterns of stimulation both within and across the eyes must be used to infer the distal stimulus—the environment—in all three dimensions. Moreover, animals and elements in the environment move, which means the input contains rich temporal information. Here, in addition to reviewing the literature, we discuss how and why prior work has focused on purported isolated systems (e.g., stereopsis) or cues (e.g., horizontal disparity) that do not necessarily map elegantly on to the computations and complex patterns of stimulation that arise when visual systems operate within the real world. We thus also introduce the binoptic flow field (BFF) as a description of the 3D motion information available in realistic environments, which can foster the use of ecologically valid yet well-controlled stimuli. Further, it can help clarify how future studies can more directly focus on the computations and stimulus properties the visual system might use to support perception and behavior in a dynamic 3D world.

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Section: Binocular Cues For the Perception Of 3d Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Mechanisms of 3D Motion Processing

Cormack

Czuba

Knöll

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

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“…Although these two models imply vastly different neural architectures (IOVD is based on motion-selective cells, while CDOT is based on disparity-selective cells), most current studies have shown that both IOVD and CDOT support the perception of MID (Nefs et al 2010;Rokers et al 2009). It should be noted that neither IOVD nor CDOT cues alone are sufficient for defining 3D motion trajectories in a general fashion (Lages and Heron 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamics and cortical distribution of neural responses to 2D and 3D motion in human

Cottereau

McKee

Norcia

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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The perception of motion-in-depth is important for avoiding collisions and for the control of vergence eye-movements and other motor actions. Previous psychophysical studies have suggested that sensitivity to motion-in-depth has a lower temporal processing limit than the perception of lateral motion. The present study used functional MRI-informed EEG source-imaging to study the spatiotemporal properties of the responses to lateral motion and motion-in-depth in human visual cortex. Lateral motion and motion-in-depth displays comprised stimuli whose only difference was interocular phase: monocular oscillatory motion was either inphase in the two eyes (lateral motion) or in antiphase (motion-indepth). Spectral analysis was used to break the steady-state visually evoked potentials responses down into even and odd harmonic components within five functionally defined regions of interest: V1, V4, lateral occipital complex, V3A, and hMTϩ. We also characterized the responses within two anatomically defined regions: the inferior and superior parietal cortex. Even harmonic components dominated the evoked responses and were a factor of approximately two larger for lateral motion than motion-in-depth. These responses were slower for motion-in-depth and were largely independent of absolute disparity. In each of our regions of interest, responses at odd-harmonics were relatively small, but were larger for motion-in-depth than lateral motion, especially in parietal cortex, and depended on absolute disparity. Taken together, our results suggest a plausible neural basis for reduced psychophysical sensitivity to rapid motion-in-depth. stereomotion; high-density EEG; vision; 3D WHILE TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) motion processing has been widely investigated in the primate brain, the neural mechanisms associated with three-dimensional (3D) motion are less well understood. Forty years ago, Beverley (1973a, 1973b) used psychophysical measures to distinguish differences between lateral motion and motion-in-depth (MID). To isolate responses specific to the type of motion, they cleverly used a stimulus that was identical monocularly, a line oscillating continuously back and forth. Either the line moved in the same direction in both eyes, i.e., in phase, producing lateral motion, or in opposite directions between the two eyes, i.e., in antiphase, producing MID. Regan and Beverley's major finding was a difference in the temporal characteristics of the two types of motion; the ability to detect oscillations in depth essentially disappeared above 5 Hz, while oscillations in lateral motion were visible up to about 20 Hz. Later psychophysical studies (Nienborg et al. 2005;Norcia and Tyler 1984) have found that disparity modulation is distinguishable from disparity noise at much higher temporal frequencies than 5 Hz, but the defining characteristics of lateral motion, coherent direction and speed, are not apparent for MID at these high frequencies.Surprisingly, the neural mechanisms responsible for the differences in the dynamics of lateral motion ...

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“…The present approach extends existing probabilistic models [24,11] to 3D motion and provides a velocity estimate for the 3D aperture problem [12]. The underlying geometricstatistical model is based on monocular constraints in a binocular viewing geometry.…”

Section: Bayesian Models Of 3d Motion Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Adjustments of the depth probe was used to establish perceived motion direction in terms of azimuth and elevation angle from the start point in the centre of the aperture. It was tested whether perceived motion direction of oblique stimulus lines were systematically affected by orientation disparity [12].…”

Section: Experiments 1: Perceived Motion Direction Of Oblique Linementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bayesian approach to the aperture problem of 3D motion perception

Wang

Heron

Moreland

et al. 2012

2012 International Conference on 3D Imaging (IC3D)

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We suggest a geometric-statistical approach that can be applied to the 3D aperture problem of motion perception. In simulations and psychophysical experiments we study perceived 3D motion direction in a binocular viewing geometry by systematically varying 3D orientation of a line stimulus moving behind a circular aperture. Although motion direction is inherently ambiguous perceived directions show systematic trends and a Bayesian model with a prior for small depth followed by slow motion in 3D gives reasonable fits to individual data. We conclude that the visual system tries to minimize velocity in 3D but that earlier disparity processing strongly influences perceived 3D motion direction. We discuss implications for the integration of disparity and motion cues in the human visual system.

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On the Inverse Problem of Binocular 3D Motion Perception

Cited by 18 publications

References 75 publications

Binocular Mechanisms of 3D Motion Processing

Binocular Mechanisms of 3D Motion Processing

Dynamics and cortical distribution of neural responses to 2D and 3D motion in human

A Bayesian approach to the aperture problem of 3D motion perception

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