“…In recent years, several kinds of signed domination problems in graphs have been investigated [2] [3] [4] [5]. Most of those belong to the vertex domination (or edge domination) of graphs, such as signed (edge) domination [6] [7], minus domination [8], cycle domination [9], signed roman (total) domination [10], weak roman domination [11], inverse signed total domination [12], etc. The signed domination number of cycles n C , paths n P , the square 2 n C of n C and the square 2 n P of n P were given in [13] [14] [15], respectively.…”