The research featured efficient self-preservation behavior in the context of healthcare commercialization, which affected the fundamental principles of medical service. The research objective was to study human capital assets as a resource of self-preservation behavior in the abovementioned conditions. The study involved a philosophical analysis based on the axiological approach, which made it possible to consider the ethical aspects of commercial medicine. The author also employed the structural method to study human capital as a complex structure. Human capital plays the leading role as it provides an effective implementation of self-preservation behavior in the context of healthcare commercialization. The research included an axiological analysis of the value-semantic context of the doctor-patient relationship and the ethical-axiological aspect of the phenomenon of commercial medicine. The author defines a number of indicators of human capital and defines productive self-preserving behavior in commercialized healthcare. Human capital assets turned out to be a valuable resource of self-preservation behavior in terms of health preservation. Its components could serve as performance indicators. They are basic medical literacy; effective cognitive skills in interpreting the empirical data obtained in life; adequate attitude to one’s own health, e.g. regular check-ups, healthy lifestyle, etc., as well as a sufficient well-being. Good awareness leads to effective self-preservation behavior, which is especially important in commercial healthcare.