On the kinetics of the chlorination of titanium dioxide in the presence of solid carbon

Barin, Ihsan; Schuler, Winfried

doi:10.1007/bf02668402

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Ti-bearing slag can be regarded as the CaO-SiO 2 -MgO-Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 system, and there is no doubt that Ti-bearing slag can be taken as a valuable secondary resource. Until now, many processes have been proposed for treating the slag, such as the acid leading, 2,3) carbide-chloride method [4][5][6] and the selective crystallization and phase separation method (SCPS). 7,8) SCPS method has been considered as a promising method to dispose the slags and the key of SCPS method is to enrich the Ti element into a certain phase, such as perovskite, 9) rutile 10,11) and anosovite 12) and to make the selected phase to fully grow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Equilibrium Investigation for CaO-SiO2-5wt.%MgO-20wt.%Al2O3-TiO2 System Relevant to Ti-bearing Slag System

et al. 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Equilibrium Investigation for CaO-SiO2-5wt.%MgO-20wt.%Al2O3-TiO2 System Relevant to Ti-bearing Slag System

et al. 2018

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“…Recently, titanium oxycarbonitride (TiOxCyNz) was used as an intermediate phase for TiCl4 production instead of the conventional chlorination using high titanium dioxide (TiO2) feedstocks [3][4][5][6][7] . Mostert et al 6 , have reported that titanium carbonitride produced by reduction and nitridation of titanium oxide obtained from ilmenite and titanium slag were chlorinated successfully at 200-500°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of titanium from low-iron nitrided Malaysian ilmenite by chlorination

Ibrahim¹,

Ahmadi²,

Rahman³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. In this paper, production of TiCl4 from low-iron nitrided ilmenite samples at relatively low temperature using chlorine gas generated from the reaction between KMnO4 and HCl has been investigated. The effects of chlorination soaking time, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to hydrochloric acid (HCl) molar ratio and aluminium powder catalyst in chlorine gas generation on titanium extraction from nitrided Malaysian ilmenite were examined. The low-iron nitrided Malaysian ilmenite contained titanium oxycarbonitride (TiOxCyNz) after carbothermal reduction and nitridation with subsequent leaching. Chlorination process was performed at 500°C for 30 -60 minutes. Statistical analysis of the data was done by Design of Experiment (DOE) to identify the significant variables and their interactions. The results achieved in this study showed that the highest extent of chlorination was about 98.34% at 500°C for 60 minutes. The lowest extent of chlorination was about 68.51% obtained in KMnO4 to HCl molar ratio of 2.0 and 0.35 g of aluminium powder. The chlorinated titanium oxycarbonitride powders and TiCl4 solutions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the processing parameters on extracting titanium via pyrometallurgical technique.

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“…A lot of processes have been proposed for treating the slag, such as the acid leading, 2,3) carbide-chloride method [4][5][6] and the selective crystallization and phase separation method. 7,8) As most of the processes are operated in air atmosphere, the liquidus and phase relations of Ti-Bearing slag system in oxygen condition are necessary to facilitate improvements to the related processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Determination of the Phase Diagram for CaO-SiO2-MgO-10%Al2O3-5%TiO2 System

et al. 2016

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The phase diagrams of Ti-bearing slag have fundamental guiding significance for the comprehensive utilization of Ti resources. In this article, the pseudo-melting temperatures were determined by the single hot thermocouple technique (SHTT) and high equilibrium experiments for the specified contents of 5% to 15% MgO in the CaO-SiO 2 -MgO-10%Al 2 O 3 -5%TiO 2 phase diagram system. The 1 250°C to 1 350°C liquidus lines were firstly calculated based on the thermodynamic equations in the specific primary crystal field. The phase equilibrium relationship was determined experimentally at 1 300°C using the high temperature experimental technique followed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) analysis, and the liquid Phase, liquid coexist with solid solution phase of (2CaO·MgO·2SiO 2 , 2CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 ) ss were found. Therefore, the phase diagram was constructed for the specified region of the CaO-SiO 2 -MgO-10%Al 2 O 3 -5%TiO 2 system, which was consistent with the existing phase diagram except for somewhat larger liquidus area at 1 300°C. The comparison proved that the combination of liquidus temperature determination by SHTT and the high temperature experimental technique was enabled to construct the correct phase diagram for slag systems.

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On the kinetics of the chlorination of titanium dioxide in the presence of solid carbon

Cited by 77 publications

References 7 publications

Phase Equilibrium Investigation for CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-5wt.%MgO-20wt.%Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> System Relevant to Ti-bearing Slag System

Phase Equilibrium Investigation for CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-5wt.%MgO-20wt.%Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> System Relevant to Ti-bearing Slag System

Extraction of titanium from low-iron nitrided Malaysian ilmenite by chlorination

Experimental Determination of the Phase Diagram for CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-10%Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-5%TiO<sub>2</sub> System

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