On the kinetics of the isomerization of glucose to fructose using Sn-Beta

Lewis Acid Zeolites for Biomass Conversion: Perspectives and Challenges on Reactivity, Synthesis, and Stability

“…For recyclability studies to provide useful information about deactivation, the conditions must be adjusted so that conversion values are never reported at 100% or at thermodynamic equilibrium. Rajabbeigi et al (106) showed that catalyst deactivation was responsible for the observed concentration plateaus in the isomerization of glucose to fructose in batch reactions. They overcame this problem by adding fresh catalyst to a fresh reaction solution with the same concentration as the previous experiments and repeating this process until there was no additional change in concentration.…”

Glucose isomerisation into fructose over magnesium-impregnated NaY zeolite catalysts

“…Regeneration via calcination at high temperature under oxidative medium (air) can cause redispersion of the remaining metal oxide particles, potentially decreasing their size leading to a recovery of the catalyst activity [54,60]. Formation of extra-framework aluminium species (Lewis acid sites) on the zeolite through calcination at high temperatures [61,62] could also lead to an increase of the activity [22,[37][38][39]. To check this hypothesis, XRD was carried out for the spent sample after regeneration.…”

“…Indeed, Sn-Beta zeolite was reported to be particularly active for this reaction, when compared to other Sn-containing zeolites and mesoporous silica or to Ti-based catalysts, in either aqueous or acidic media [17,22,37,38]. Commercial acidic zeolites, such as H-Y, H-USY and H-beta, were as well successfully applied to the conversion of glucose to fructose in a two-step reaction procedure, using methanol and water as solvents [39].…”

Catalytic Isomerization of Biomass‐Derived Aldoses: A Review

“…Deactivationo fS nChemSusChem 2016, 9,547 -561 www.chemsuschem.org b during the course of the reactionh as been shown. [82] Nevertheless, Sn-b can be regenerated by calcination in air to restore its catalytic activity. [7,46,55] Filtration tests have demonstrated that the isomerization of glucose is truly heterogeneously catalyzed in the presence of Sn-b.…”