On the Logical Error Rate of Sparse Quantum Codes

Fuentes, Patricio; Martinez, Josu Etxezarreta; Crespo, Pedro M.; Garcia-Frías, Javier

doi:10.1109/tqe.2022.3196609

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The required time to change the polarisation between two ends is zero, for this reason, the time (propagation delay) due to long distance or fibre optic will be zero in this case and disadvantage can be totally avoided in the RoF system. When the quantum is utilised, the delay due to laser source, T laser , and detector, T detector , are included in the total delay of the QE-MAC [22,23], therefore, the delay is expressed as follows:…”

Section: In Whichmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The required time to change the polarisation between two ends is zero, for this reason, the time (propagation delay) due to long distance or fibre optic will be zero in this case and disadvantage can be totally avoided in the RoF system. When the quantum is utilised, the delay due to laser source, T laser , and detector, T detector , are included in the total delay of the QE‐MAC [22, 23], therefore, the delay is expressed as follows:

E[slot]=Pidle\,Ts+Psuc\ \left(T+{T}_{laser}+{T}_{detector}\right)+(1\,-\,Psuc\,-\,Pidle)\,\left({T}_{laser}+{T}_{detector}+Tc\right)+Psuc\,2\alpha +(1\,-\,Psuc\,-\,Pidle)\,2\alpha

E[slot]=Pidle\,Ts+Psuc\ F\left({T}_{Q}\right)+(1\,-\,Psuc\,-\,Pidle)\,F\left({T}_{\overline{Q}}\right)+F\,\left(\overline{\alpha }\right)

…”

Section: Delay Of Proposed Quantum Entanglement‐based Mac Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT‐RoF using quantum entanglement

Ahmad,

Al‐Raweshidy,

Nilavalan

2024

IET Networks

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One of the significant challenges of the Radio over fibre (RoF) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the propagation delay. This delay can lead to serious issues, such as higher propagation delay resulting in collisions and unnecessary retransmissions. Quantum entanglement is an excellent candidate to overcome the propagation delay of the RoF MAC protocol. A new quantum MAC protocol is proposed, named the Quantum Entanglement‐based MAC protocol (QE‐MAC), in which Quantum Teleportation is utilised to address the propagation delay. Four entanglement states are employed to represent the control packets of the classical MAC protocol, and data is transmitted over the classical channel. Instead of using control packets such as acknowledgement, request to send, and Clear to send, state transitions are employed. This approach avoids the delay and collision issues associated with control packets, resulting in a significant improvement in network performance. The delay, duty cycle (DC), and power consumption of the proposed QE‐MAC protocol are formulated and derived. The protocol is evaluated in terms of delay, DC, and power consumption, demonstrating superior performance compared to the classical RoF MAC protocol. In comparison to published works, our proposed approach has successfully reduced both delay and power consumption by 35%.

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Section: In Whichmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The required time to change the polarisation between two ends is zero, for this reason, the time (propagation delay) due to long distance or fibre optic will be zero in this case and disadvantage can be totally avoided in the RoF system. When the quantum is utilised, the delay due to laser source, T laser , and detector, T detector , are included in the total delay of the QE‐MAC [22, 23], therefore, the delay is expressed as follows:

E[slot]=Pidle\,Ts+Psuc\ \left(T+{T}_{laser}+{T}_{detector}\right)+(1\,-\,Psuc\,-\,Pidle)\,\left({T}_{laser}+{T}_{detector}+Tc\right)+Psuc\,2\alpha +(1\,-\,Psuc\,-\,Pidle)\,2\alpha

E[slot]=Pidle\,Ts+Psuc\ F\left({T}_{Q}\right)+(1\,-\,Psuc\,-\,Pidle)\,F\left({T}_{\overline{Q}}\right)+F\,\left(\overline{\alpha }\right)

…”

Section: Delay Of Proposed Quantum Entanglement‐based Mac Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT‐RoF using quantum entanglement

Ahmad,

Al‐Raweshidy,

Nilavalan

2024

IET Networks

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Multiqubit time-varying quantum channels for NISQ-era superconducting quantum processors

Martinez

Fuentes

iOlius

et al. 2023

Phys. Rev. Research

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Decoding algorithms for surface codes

deMarti iOlius,

Fuentes,

Orús

et al. 2024

Quantum

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Quantum technologies have the potential to solve certain computationally hard problems with polynomial or super-polynomial speedups when compared to classical methods. Unfortunately, the unstable nature of quantum information makes it prone to errors. For this reason, quantum error correction is an invaluable tool to make quantum information reliable and enable the ultimate goal of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Surface codes currently stand as the most promising candidates to build near term error corrected qubits given their two-dimensional architecture, the requirement of only local operations, and high tolerance to quantum noise. Decoding algorithms are an integral component of any error correction scheme, as they are tasked with producing accurate estimates of the errors that affect quantum information, so that they can subsequently be corrected. A critical aspect of decoding algorithms is their speed, since the quantum state will suffer additional errors with the passage of time. This poses a connundrum, where decoding performance is improved at the expense of complexity and viceversa. In this review, a thorough discussion of state-of-the-art decoding algorithms for surface codes is provided. The target audience of this work are both readers with an introductory understanding of the field as well as those seeking to further their knowledge of the decoding paradigm of surface codes. We describe the core principles of these decoding methods as well as existing variants that show promise for improved results. In addition, both the decoding performance, in terms of error correction capability, and decoding complexity, are compared. A review of the existing software tools regarding surface codes decoding is also provided.

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On the Logical Error Rate of Sparse Quantum Codes

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT‐RoF using quantum entanglement

Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT‐RoF using quantum entanglement

Multiqubit time-varying quantum channels for NISQ-era superconducting quantum processors

Decoding algorithms for surface codes

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