On the Luminescence of γ-Rayed KCl Crystals Induced by Plastic Deformation

Kruglov, A.S.; El-Shanshoury, I.A.; Matta, M. K.

doi:10.1143/jpsj.21.2147

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the 17th century, only five papers were published on ML ; in the 18th century, 15 papers were published ; in the 19th century, 19 papers were published ; in the 20th century, ~ 372 papers were published …”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of the literature on mechanoluminescence from 1605 to 2013

2014

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Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a type of luminescence induced by any mechanical action on solids. The light emissions induced by elastic deformation, plastic deformation and fracture of solids are called elastico ML (EML), plastico ML (PML) and fracto ML (FML), respectively. Whereas nearly 50% of all organic molecular solids and inorganic salts exhibit FML, only a few solids exhibit EML and PML. The EML and FML of certain solids are so intense that they can be seen during daylight with the naked eye. Mechanolumnescence has a great potential for use in different types of mechano-optical devices such as stress sensors, damage sensors, impact sensors, fracture sensors and safety management monitoring systems. This article reports a survey of the literature from 1605 to 2013. Mechanoluminescence is studied by physicists, chemists, material scientists, geologists, medical scientists, engineers and technologists, among others and researchers will certainly benefit from the literature survey on ML given here. In addition, the field of mechanoluminescence may attract the interest of many new researchers.

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only few papers are related to the investigation of EML and PML. The papers related to the studies of EML and PML are: .…”

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confidence: 99%

Survey of the literature on mechanoluminescence from 1605 to 2013

2014

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“…Figs. 16 and 17 also indicate the slow increase of ML intensity in the elastic region, fast increase of the ML intensity in the plastic region, and 150 Luminescent Materials and their Applications to attain a saturation value for large value of the strain or deformation time [93,49].Fig. 17(c) shows that the ML emission in X-irradiated KI crystals takes place concurrently with the occurrence of the steps in the stress -strain curve of the crystal [49].…”

Section: Luminescent Materials and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mechanoluminescence of Coloured Alkali Halide Crystals

Chandra

Chandra²,

Jha

2015

DDF

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The present paper reports both the experimental and mathematical aspects of elastico-mechanoluminescence (EML), plastico-mechanoluminescence (PML) and fracto-mechanoluminescence (FML) of coloured alkali halide crystals in detail, and thereby provides a deep understanding of the related phenomena. The additively coloured alkali halide crystals do not show ML during their elastic and plastic deformation. The ML emission during the elastic deformation takes place due to the mechanical interaction between bending dislocation segments and F-centres, and the ML emission during plastic deformation takes place due to the mechanical interaction between the moving dislocations and F-centres. The ML emission during fracture is also caused by the mechanical interaction between the moving dislocations and F-centres; however, in certain hard crystals like LiF, NaCl, NaF, etc., fracto ML also occurs due to the gas discharge caused by the creation of oppositely charged walls of cracks. The EML, PML, and solid state FML spectra of coloured alkali halide crystals are similar to their thermoluminescence spectra and afterglow spectra. However, the fracto ML spectra of certain hard crystals like LiF, NaCl, NaF, etc., also contain gas discharge spectra. The solid state ML spectra of coloured alkali halide crystals can be assigned to deformation-induced excitation of halide ions inV2-centres or in other hole-centres. Whereas, the intensity of EML and FML increases linearly with the applied pressure and the impact velocity, the intensity of PML increases quardratically with the applied pressure and the impact velocity because of the plastic flow of the crystals. Both Imand ITincrease with the density of F-centres in the crystals and strain rate of the crystals; however, they are optimum for a particular temperature of the crystals. The ML of diminished intensity also appears during the release of applied pressure. Expressions are derived for the elastico ML, plastico ML and fracto ML of coloured alkali halide crystals, in which a good agreement is found between the experimental and theoretical results. Many parameters of crystals such as band gap between the dislocation band and interacting F-centre energy level, radius of interaction between dislocations and F-centres, pinning time of dislocations, work hardening exponent, velocity of cracks, rise time of applied pressure, lifetime of electrons in the dislocation band, lifetime of electrons in shallow traps, diffusion time of holes, critical velocity of impact, etc., can be determined from the ML measurements. The ML of coloured alkali halide crystals has potential for self-indicating method of monitoring the microscopic and macroscopic processes; mechanoluminescence dosimetry; understanding dislocation bands in crystals; interaction between the dislocations and F-centres; dynamics of dislocations; deformation bleaching of coloration, etc. The ML of coloured alkali halide crystals has also the potential for photography, ML memory, and it gives information about slip planes, compression of crystals, fragmentation of crystals, etc.Contents of Paper

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“…Actually, ML was found in coloured alkali halides early since the 1930s, but non-irradiated alkali halides usually do not provide light during deformation except for fracture [7]. ML takes place even at a very low stress levels (see Table 1) and its intensity is linear to the stress within the elastic limit but is only proportional to mechanical power during plastic deformation [200]. In successive load cycles, a memory effect can be observed: ML only appears after new plastic deformation takes place [201].…”

Section: Mechanoluminescent Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Solids: Compounds, Mechanisms, Models and Applications

2018

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Mechanoluminescence (ML) is the non-thermal emission of light as a response to mechanical stimuli on a solid material. While this phenomenon has been observed for a long time when breaking certain materials, it is now being extensively explored, especially since the discovery of non-destructive ML upon elastic deformation. A great number of materials have already been identified as mechanoluminescent, but novel ones with colour tunability and improved sensitivity are still urgently needed. The physical origin of the phenomenon, which mainly involves the release of trapped carriers at defects with the help of stress, still remains unclear. This in turn hinders a deeper research, either theoretically or application oriented. In this review paper, we have tabulated the known ML compounds according to their structure prototypes based on the connectivity of anion polyhedra, highlighting structural features, such as framework distortion, layered structure, elastic anisotropy and microstructures, which are very relevant to the ML process. We then review the various proposed mechanisms and corresponding mathematical models. We comment on their contribution to a clearer understanding of the ML phenomenon and on the derived guidelines for improving properties of ML phosphors. Proven and potential applications of ML in various fields, such as stress field sensing, light sources, and sensing electric (magnetic) fields, are summarized. Finally, we point out the challenges and future directions in this active and emerging field of luminescence research.

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On the Luminescence of γ-Rayed KCl Crystals Induced by Plastic Deformation

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Survey of the literature on mechanoluminescence from 1605 to 2013

Survey of the literature on mechanoluminescence from 1605 to 2013

Mechanoluminescence of Coloured Alkali Halide Crystals

A Review of Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Solids: Compounds, Mechanisms, Models and Applications

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