On the Mathematical Theory of Communication

Takada, Yoichiro

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.25.110

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Hierarchical clustering analysis of microbial profiles was performed with the Euclidean distance measure and average clustering algorithm to visualize the results in a heatmap. The measures of alpha-diversity calculated for each community were unique taxa richness (numbers of OTUs), the Shannon–Weaver index 105 , Simpson index 106 , and Shannon Evenness 105 . The relative similarities of the bacterial and fungal communities revealed in the two composts were verified using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on the Bray–Curtis coefficient according to a procedure presented by Clarke (1993) 107 , 108 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of bacterial and fungal communities to high petroleum pollution in different soils

Galitskaya

Biktasheva

Blagodatsky

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Petroleum pollution of soils is a major environmental problem. Soil microorganisms can decompose a significant fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil at low concentrations (1–5%). This characteristic can be used for soil remediation after oil pollution. Microbial community dynamics and functions are well studied in cases of moderate petroleum pollution, while cases with heavy soil pollution have received much less attention. We studied bacterial and fungal successions in three different soils with high petroleum contents (6 and 25%) in a laboratory experiment. The proportion of aliphatic and aromatic compounds decreased by 4–7% in samples with 6% pollution after 120 days of incubation but remained unchanged in samples with 25% hydrocarbons. The composition of the microbial community changed significantly in all cases. Oil pollution led to an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria such as Actinobacteria and the candidate TM7 phylum (Saccaribacteria) and to a decrease in that of Bacteroidetes. The gene abundance (number of OTUs) of oil-degrading bacteria (Rhodococcus sp., candidate class TM7-3 representative) became dominant in all soil samples, irrespective of the petroleum pollution level and soil type. The fungal communities in unpolluted soil samples differed more significantly than the bacterial communities. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that in the polluted soil, successions of fungal communities differed between soils, in contrast to bacterial communities. However, these successions showed similar trends: fungi capable of lignin and cellulose decomposition, e.g., from the genera Fusarium and Mortierella, were dominant during the incubation period.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of bacterial and fungal communities to high petroleum pollution in different soils

Galitskaya

Biktasheva

Blagodatsky

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Different ecological indices were also applied to the fish data i.e. Shannon-Weiner species diversity index 33 , Species richness index, 34 evenness index 35 and Dominance index 32 . Percentage composition of fish communities between sections were calculated using MS Excel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Ichthyofaunal Diversity in relation to Physico-chemical attributes of River Asan in the Garhwal Himalaya, India

Chaudhary,

Singh,

Rana

et al. 2024

JIST

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The present study investigated the water quality of River Asan based on various physicochemical parameters and its freshwater fish fauna in lower Himalaya. In two sampling sites 95 fish specimens were collected, 13 fish species belonging to 1 class, 4 orders, 4 families, 9 genera were recorded from the river Asan during the present study. Barilius bendelisis constituted high percentage in fish composition. The water quality of River Asan is good, and no substantial pollution was observed. Main 4 different ecological indices applied to fish data shows that the change in fish number is the seasonal phenomenon. However, decline in many fish populations observed, possibly due to illegal fishing and disturbance through anthropogenic activities. There is a need to protect their natural habitats, execute policies and motivate people for the management and conservation of fish varieties in this river.

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“…Kotake is one of a few psychologists, working on human behavior from the Pavlovian theory of conditioning (Ko take & Miyata, 1957). Verbal learning and other aspects of human behavior are investigated from information theory (Ohnishi, 1962;Takada, 1954), game theory (Toda, 1956), and other mathematical models (S. Ono, 1958;Yoshida, 1959). Some of the most recent trends among Japanese behavior psychologists are their increasing interests in physiological studies (Sakai, 1961;Niki, 1962) and in abnormal behavior (H. Hirai & Haruki, 1961;Asami & K. Hirai, 1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviorism in Japan

Iwahara¹,

Fujita²

1963

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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Two great pioneers of Japanese scientific psychology are Yujiro Motora (1858Motora ( -1912 and Matataro Matsumoto (1865-1943. Although Motora was first interested in psychophysics, he later turned to speculative and systematic psychology (Kido, 1961). On the other hand, Matsumoto devoted himself to experimental and applied psychology more intensively than to systematic psychology. One of his main contributions was what he called 'psychocinematics' by which he meant an objecti:ve study of purposive bodily movements (Matsumoto, 1914), and it is on this account that he was called the Japanese pioneer of objective psychology (Watanabe, 1953).Matsumoto's objective view was succeeded by his students, among whom Narasaki (1922) directly advanced his master's psychocinematics, and Tanaka (1921) did a systematic study in mental work which he called 'human engineering'. However, both Matsumoto and Narasaki had never tried to substitute psychocinematics or 'mental dynamics' in Narasaki's term for the traditional psychology. On the other hand, they believed that psychocinematics or mental dynamics must be distinguished from the traditional 'pure' psychology which can be approached, according to thcm, only through introspection and not by objective methods.Pre-Watsonian bchavioristic movements as represented by Angell, Pillsbury, and Parmelee, were introduced to Japan by Ueno (1913), Otsuki (1913), and others. After reviewing Pillsbury's The Essentials of Psychology (1911), Ueno, applied psychologist, argued that psychology should be dcfined as a study of behavior in order to avoid ambiguous definitions such as a mental science or a science of consciousness. However, he did not intend to exclude consciousness per se, but instead he stated that both behavior and consciousness are the subject matter of psychology and that consciousness can be fully understood only in relation to behavior. Ueno's emphasis on behavior was weakened in his later criticism of Watsonian behaviorism in that behavioristic methods were considered only as auxiliary means to introspective methods (Ueno & Noda, 1922).Behaviorism formally cstablished by Watson in 1913 was first madc known to Japanese psychologists by Narasaki and Hayami in 1914. According to Narasaki (1914), behavioristic studies may be classified in the same category as psychocinematics mentioned above since the objective method is emphasized in both cases. However, he contended that the objective and behavioristic method is entirely different from the introspective method as things are different from mind, and thus both behavior science and psychocinematics must be distinguished from 'pure' psychology.

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On the Mathematical Theory of Communication

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Response of bacterial and fungal communities to high petroleum pollution in different soils

Response of bacterial and fungal communities to high petroleum pollution in different soils

Assessment of the Ichthyofaunal Diversity in relation to Physico-chemical attributes of River Asan in the Garhwal Himalaya, India

Behaviorism in Japan

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