On the measurement of sub-surface residual stresses in SS 304L welds by dry ring core technique

Giri, A.; Mahapatra, Manas Mohan

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.04.043

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Currently, the techniques used for absolute stress evaluation can be divided into two types: destructive methods and nondestructive methods . Destructive methods, such as hole drilling, ring coring, and focused‐ion‐beam ring drilling, are based on stress relaxation and require material removal. Therefore, they are not appropriate for structural steel members, especially when they are in service.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the L cr wave TOF and shear‐wave spectrum methods for the uniaxial absolute stress evaluation of steel members

Teng

et al. 2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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The absolute stress of steel members is a key parameter for determining the performance of steel structures. Compared with other nondestructive evaluation methods, ultrasonic methods, which correlate material stress with ultrasonic velocity, have received the greatest amount of research attention. In this study, we investigated the measurement of the absolute stress distribution of steel members using two ultrasonic methods: a longitudinal critically refracted (Lcr) wave method and a shear wave method. The Lcr wave is generated from the longitudinal wave mode conversion and exhibits the greatest sensitivity to stress. The shear waves are generated by the birefringence effect, and their synthesis signal spectrum exhibits a minimum that varies with stress. A comparison of the two absolute stress evaluation methods is performed. Specifically, four steel members with identical dimensions and materials are used to investigate the discreteness of the calibrated parameters. The uniaxial absolute stress distributions of two steel members with variable cross sections are measured using the two methods and verified using the traditional strain gauge method. The results show that the uniaxial stress distributions of the two steel members can be evaluated by both the Lcr wave time-of-flight method and the shear-wave spectrum method, although the latter is more accurate for the measurement of stress distribution. Furthermore, the measurement principles, parametric calibrations, sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability of the two methods are compared, and their applicability is discussed. KEYWORDS acoustoelastic effect, birefringence effect, Lcr wave TOF method, nondestructive stress measurement, shear-wave spectrum method, steel members, uniaxial absolute stress

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the L cr wave TOF and shear‐wave spectrum methods for the uniaxial absolute stress evaluation of steel members

Teng

et al. 2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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show abstract

“…At present, residual stress measurement methods [7,8] can be divided into two categories: destructive methods (the small blind hole method [9], the stripping layer method [10], and the ring core method [11]) and nondestructive methods (the ray diffraction method [12], the magnetic memory method [13], and the ultrasonic method [14,15,16]). The destructive methods destroy the integrity of the component structure and can only realize the sampling testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Measurement of Stress in SLM 316L Stainless Steel Forming Parts Manufactured Using Different Scanning Strategies

2019

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Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a new kind of additive manufacturing technology developed in in the last decade. Measurement and control of stress in metal forming layer is the basic problem of SLM forming parts. Critical Refraction Longitudinal (LCR) wave method was used to measure stress. The acoustic-elastic formulas for measuring stresses in SLM 316L stainless steel forming parts manufactured using meander, stripe, and chess board scanning strategies, respectively, were established based on static load tensile test. The experimental results show that the acoustic time difference of LCR wave in SLM specimen manufactured with 316L stainless steel increases linearly with the increase of stress when the tensile stress is less than critical stress (372 MPa, 465 MPa, and 494 MPa). Due to the inhomogeneous deformation of the anisotropic SLM forming layer and the dimple-micropore aggregation fracture mechanism, the acousto-elastic curve fluctuates up and down along the irregular curve when the tensile stress is larger than critical stress. The results of corroboration experiments show that nondestructive measurement of stress in SLM forming specimen can be realized by using LCR wave method. The scanning strategy can significantly affect the tensile strength and yield strength of SLM forming specimen. The stresses were all in tension stress state at the edge of the specimens, whatever scanning strategy was used. Sub-area scanning and scanning sequence of alternate and intersect were adopted, which can effectively reduce the stress in the SLM forming specimen. The overall stress values of SLM forming specimen manufactured using chess board scanning strategy were smaller than that using meander and stripe strategies. The distribution of stress were more uniform.

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“…Extensive efforts have been made to experimentally measure the residual stress for manufacturing component, which includes center-hole drilling [5], ring core method [6], X-ray diffraction (XRD) [7,8], and ultrasonic- [9,10] and magnetic-based [11] techniques. Center-hole drilling method has been a main stream technique to evaluate the residual stress distribution in welding structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspection of the residual stress on welds using laser ultrasonic supported with finite element analysis

2019

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Ultrasonic evaluation for residual stress measurement has been an effective method owing to its easy implementation, low cost and intrinsically being nondestructive. The velocity variations of acoustic waves in materials can be related to the stress state in the deformed medium by the acoustoelastic effects. In this study, a laser/EMAT ultrasonic method is proposed to evaluate the surface/subsurface longitudinal residual stress distribution generated by gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The velocity variation ΔV/V of Rayleigh wave, which is a surface wave, will be experimentally measured. Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser is used to generate a broadband ultrasonic wave. An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is attached to the welding plate for Rayleigh wave pick up. As the ultrasound receiver, the EMAT is used to measure time of flight (ToF) of the Rayleigh waves traveling along a specific path parallel to the direction of the welding seam. ToF measurements are obtained by changing Rayleigh wave path to welding zone center distance from 0 to 45 mm. A 3D thermomechanical-coupled finite element model is then developed to validate the capability of the proposed technique for welding-induced residual stress evaluation. The distributions of the normalized velocity variations from ToF experiments are compared with the distribution of the normalized longitudinal residual stresses from finite element analysis (FEA). It has been shown that there is a good correlation between these two distributions. The proposed technique provides a potential nondestructive avenue for surface/subsurface residual stress evaluation for welding parts.

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On the measurement of sub-surface residual stresses in SS 304L welds by dry ring core technique

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Comparison of the L cr wave TOF and shear‐wave spectrum methods for the uniaxial absolute stress evaluation of steel members

Comparison of the L cr wave TOF and shear‐wave spectrum methods for the uniaxial absolute stress evaluation of steel members

Ultrasonic Measurement of Stress in SLM 316L Stainless Steel Forming Parts Manufactured Using Different Scanning Strategies

Inspection of the residual stress on welds using laser ultrasonic supported with finite element analysis

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