On the measurement of the effects of alcohol and illicit substances on inhibition of return

Olthuis, Janine V.; Klein, Raymond M.

doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2725-x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Some studies have examined the psychopharmacological effects of alcohol administration on visual search (e.g. Abroms and Fillmore 2004; Hoyer et al 2007; Maylor et al 1987; Moskowitz et al 1976; see Olthuis and Klein 2012 for a review). Findings indicate that acute alcoholic intoxication impairs visual search performance by decreasing accuracy and increasing response time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beer? Over here! Examining attentional bias towards alcoholic and appetitive stimuli in a visual search eye-tracking task

et al. 2019

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RationaleExperimental tasks that demonstrate alcohol-related attentional bias typically expose participants to single-stimulus targets (e.g. addiction Stroop, visual probe, anti-saccade task), which may not correspond fully with real-world contexts where alcoholic and non-alcoholic cues simultaneously compete for attention. Moreover, alcoholic stimuli are rarely matched to other appetitive non-alcoholic stimuli.ObjectivesTo address these limitations by utilising a conjunction search eye-tracking task and matched stimuli to examine alcohol-related attentional bias.MethodsThirty social drinkers (Mage = 19.87, SD = 1.74) were asked to detect whether alcoholic (beer), non-alcoholic (water) or non-appetitive (detergent) targets were present or absent amongst a visual array of matching and non-matching distractors. Both behavioural response times and eye-movement dwell time were measured.ResultsSocial drinkers were significantly quicker to detect alcoholic and non-alcoholic appetitive targets relative to non-appetitive targets in an array of matching and mismatching distractors. Similarly, proportional dwell time was lower for both alcoholic and non-alcoholic appetitive distractors relative to non-appetitive distractors, suggesting that appetitive targets were relatively easier to detect.ConclusionsSocial drinkers may exhibit generalised attentional bias towards alcoholic and non-alcoholic appetitive cues. This adds to emergent research suggesting that the mechanisms driving these individual’s attention towards alcoholic cues might ‘spill over’ to other appetitive cues, possibly due to associative learning.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00213-019-05313-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beer? Over here! Examining attentional bias towards alcoholic and appetitive stimuli in a visual search eye-tracking task

et al. 2019

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“…Other studies, gathered in a systematic review, have assessed the effect of alcohol, ecstasy, and hallucinogens. Nonetheless, only the absence of a difference or a lower IOR was evidenced ( Olthuis & Klein, 2012 ). As for drugs use, repeated poker practice may also impact the IOR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial attention to social information in poker: A neuropsychological study using the Posner cueing paradigm

Hurel

Grall‐Bronnec

Thiabaud

et al. 2023

JBA

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Background and aimsThis research aimed to characterize social information processing abilities in a population of regular nondisordered poker players compared to controls.MethodsParticipants completed the Posner cueing paradigm task including social cues (faces) to assess attention allocation towards social stimuli, including the effect of the presentation time (subliminal vs supraliminal) and of the emotion displayed. The study included two groups of participants: 30 regular nondisordered poker players (those who played at least three times a week in Texas Hold'em poker games for at least three months) and 30 control participants (those who did not gamble or gambled less than once a month, whatever the game).ResultsThe group of regular nondisordered poker players displayed an enhancement of the inhibition of return during the Posner cueing task. This means that in valid trials, they took longer to respond to the already processed localization in supraliminal conditions compared to controls. However, our results did not evidence any particular engagement or disengagement attention abilities toward specific types of emotion.Discussion and ConclusionsThese results suggest that regular nondisordered poker players displayed social information processing abilities, which may be due to the importance to efficiently process social information that can serve as tells in live poker. The observed enhancement of the inhibition of return may permit poker players to not process a localization that has already processed to save attentional resources. Further research regarding the establishment of the IOR in other forms of gambling and with non-social cues needs to be performed.

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Searching for inhibition of return in the rat using the covert orienting of attention task

2014

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Inhibition of return (IOR) is an important psychological construct describing inhibited responses to previously attended locations. In humans, it is investigated using Posner's cueing paradigm. This paradigm requires central visual fixation and detection of cued stimuli to the left or right of the fixation point. Stimuli can be validly or invalidly cued, appearing in the same or opposite location to the cue. Although a rat version of the spatial cueing paradigm (the covert orienting of attention task) does exist, IOR has so far not been demonstrated. We therefore investigated whether IOR could be robustly demonstrated in adult male rats using the covert orienting of attention task. This task is conducted in holed wall operant chambers with the central three holes mimicking the set-up for Posner cueing. Across four samples of rats (overall n = 84), we manipulated the following task parameters: stimulus onset asynchronies (Experiments 1-3), cue brightness (Experiment 1b) and the presence of a central reorienting event (Experiment 4). In Experiment 1, we also investigated strain differences by comparing Lister Hooded rats to Sprague-Dawley rats. Although Lister Hooded rats briefly showed evidence of IOR (Experiment 1a, and see Online Resource 1 data), we were unable to replicate this finding in our other experiments using different samples of this strain. Taken together, our findings suggest that IOR cannot be robustly demonstrated in the rat using the covert orienting of attention task conducted in holed wall operant chambers.

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On the measurement of the effects of alcohol and illicit substances on inhibition of return

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Beer? Over here! Examining attentional bias towards alcoholic and appetitive stimuli in a visual search eye-tracking task

Beer? Over here! Examining attentional bias towards alcoholic and appetitive stimuli in a visual search eye-tracking task

Spatial attention to social information in poker: A neuropsychological study using the Posner cueing paradigm

Searching for inhibition of return in the rat using the covert orienting of attention task

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