On the Mechanical Response of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 under Extreme Strains and Strain Rates, and Rapid Heating

Lopez-Hawa, Homar; Mates, Steven P.; Moscoso-Kingsley, Wilfredo; Madhavan, Viswanathan

doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2022.07.036

Manufacturing Letters

2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2022.07.036

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On the Mechanical Response of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 under Extreme Strains and Strain Rates, and Rapid Heating

Homar Lopez-Hawa

Steven P. Mates²,

Wilfredo Moscoso-Kingsley³

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Effects of Copper Content and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlMgSi(Cu) Alloys

Boczkal,

Korczak,

Żyłka

et al. 2024

Crystals

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This study presents the results of research on the influence of different contents of copper in aluminium alloys based on the 6xxx series on mechanical and structural properties. The investigation started with the alloying, and casting four billet variants with different copper content—0.8% Cu; 2B—1% Cu; 3A—1.2% Cu; and 3B—1.4% Cu. The prepared materials were homogenised and extruded on a 500T horizontal press with two different process temperatures and ram speeds ranging from 1 mm/s to 9 mm/s. After heat treating to the T6 and T5 tempers, their mechanical properties were tested. On this basis, the two most promising alloys 2A and 3B were selected and subjected to further tests. After extrusion and heat treatment of the profiles (to F, T1, T2, T5, and T5510), their mechanical properties were determined to select the preferred process parameters. Finally, a structural test based on crystallographic orientation based on the EBSD technique and TEM observations allowed for the characterisation of grain size, dispersoids, and phase analysis. Bright-field (BF) analysis allowed us to compare the deformed areas for T1, T5, and T5510 temperatures. The results showed significant growth in the mechanical properties of all the subjected alloys, and the best properties were shown for a Cu content of 1.4% with a tensile strength of 460 MPa and an elongation of 16% (T5510 tempering). The structural test showed an average grain size of 18 µm to 23 µm and solid solution decomposition differences for different heat-treating parameters.

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Effects of Copper Content and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlMgSi(Cu) Alloys

Boczkal,

Korczak,

Żyłka

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Continuous Drive Friction Welded Al/Cu Joints Produced Using Short Welding Time, Elevated Rotational Speed, and High Welding Pressures

Milašinović,

Alil,

Milašinović

et al. 2024

Materials

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The present study aimed to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of the Al/Cu joint production process implemented by the company VEMID Ltd., Jagodina, Serbia, by attaining sound joints within a very short welding time. For this purpose, the present study aimed at investigating the accuracy and the quality of the continuous drive friction welding (CDFW) process, as well as the optimum combination of CDFW parameters with highest joint efficiency in terms of investigated properties. The accuracy was estimated through an analysis of temperature–time curves recorded during CDFW using an infrared camera. The quality was evaluated through an investigation of the properties of Al/Cu joints produced using different friction (66.7, 88.9, and 133.3 MPa) and forging (88.9, 222.2, and 355.6 MPa) pressures and a constant total welding time (4 s) and rotational speed (2100 rpm). Thermal imaging with an infrared camera demonstrated that the actual total welding time was 15% longer compared to the nominal value. This was attributed to the slow pressure response of the pneumatic brake system. The relative changes in the maximum surface temperature (TMS) during the CDFW process corresponded to changes in welding pressures, indicating the potential of the thermal imaging method for monitoring and assessing this process. A preliminary investigation demonstrated that Al/Cu joints produced using welding pressures less than 88.9 MPa often displayed the presence of non-joined micro-regions at the Al/Cu interface and a significant thickness of interfacial Al2Cu (up to 1 µm). However, when friction pressure was set at 66.7 MPa, an increase in the forging pressure to 222.2 MPa eliminated the presence of non-joined micro-regions and reduced the thickness of Al2Cu to 0.5 µm on the average level. These Al/Cu joints achieved the highest joint efficiencies in terms of strength (100%) and ductility (61%). They exhibited an electrical conductivity higher than 92% of the theoretical value. A further increase in any welding pressure produced similar or deteriorated properties, accompanied by an increase in the consumption of raw materials and energy. Such turn of events was counterproductive to the original goal of increasing the efficiency and efficacy of the CDFW process.

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On the Mechanical Response of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 under Extreme Strains and Strain Rates, and Rapid Heating

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Copper Content and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlMgSi(Cu) Alloys

Effects of Copper Content and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlMgSi(Cu) Alloys

Continuous Drive Friction Welded Al/Cu Joints Produced Using Short Welding Time, Elevated Rotational Speed, and High Welding Pressures

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