On the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Scaling of Iron

Davies, Mansel; Simnad, Massoud T.; Birchenall, C. E.

doi:10.1007/bf03397397

Cited by 98 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The oxidation behavior of metals and alloys have been elucidated in many texts 14,[25][26][27][28][29][30] as mentioned above; however a brief summary of the kinetic equations involved and the procedure for determining oxidation kinetics used in this study are given below. The weight gain (typically normalized with surface area and given as mg/cm 2 ) as a function of time can follow a linear, parabolic, logarithmic or cubic relationship and such behavior has been compiled for various metals and alloys.…”

Section: Oxidation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Decarburized Ferrite Depth of Hypoeutectoid Steel with Simultaneous Oxidation

Choi

Zwaag

2012

ISIJ Int.

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The objective of this paper is to describe a method of calculating the decarburized ferrite depth and scale thickness during heating and cooling for hypoeutectoid steel in ambient atmosphere. The decarburization behavior in hypoeutectoid steel is divided into three regions. In temperature region above A3 ferrite is not formed during decarburization from austenite with a carbon concentration C = 0.0 wt%. In temperature region below A3 (C = 0.0 wt.%) and above A3 (C = C0) the decarburized ferrite forms from austenite during decarburization, but its carbon concentration ranges from 0.0 to the nominal carbon concentration C0. Finally, in the temperature region below A3 (C = C0) austenite transforms to ferrite + austenite or ferrite + cementite and the decarburized ferrite forms from ferrite + austenite or ferrite + cementite by surface decarburization with the appropriate equilibrium concentration. Separate decarburization models were developed for the three temperature regions due to the difference in decarburization behavior. The proposed model also handles simultaneous oxidation. The quantitative information obtained on the oxidation and decarburization characteristics is in good agreement with the experiments.

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Section: Oxidation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Decarburized Ferrite Depth of Hypoeutectoid Steel with Simultaneous Oxidation

Choi

Zwaag

2012

ISIJ Int.

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“…Davies et a1. 6 and Raidassi7 reported that the proportions of the amounts of these oxides are 95 % N 4 % N 1 % at 620 °C or above and that the amount of magnetite increases a little at lower temperatures. According to Ganber and Sturgeon,8~ these oxides have such mole ratios as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Scaling Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Manufacture of Wire Rods with Good Descaling Property

et al. 1982

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The development and removal mechanisms of wire rod mill scale are outlined with the aid of the Fe-0 diagram. Data obtained in field experiments and laboratory experiments show that factors such as thickness and composition of the scale, presence of cracks and rod surface roughness have large effects on the pickling property and mechanical descaling property of scale. Further, laying temperatures, cooling rates, temperatures at the end of cooling and the conditions controlling roll roughness that are necessary for obtaining a good descaling property are described.

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“…[3,20] Furthermore, oxygen transport from the atmosphere into the sample has a highly transient character. Due to the formation of an outer iron oxide layer, oxygen transport will be limited by the penetration of oxygen atoms through the oxide layer [21] as well as by the decomposition of wustite, [22] which effectively reduces the internal corrosion depth (i.e., selective oxidation of alloy elements underneath the iron oxide zone).…”

Section: A Effect Of Gas Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gas Composition and Exposure Cycle on the Formation of Surface and Subsurface Oxides in Iron-Aluminum-Based Alloys at High Temperatures

Bott

Yin

Sridhar

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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The slab reheating process of binary iron-aluminum alloys and an industrial TRIP steel grade has been investigated in both dry and wet atmospheres. The presence of water vapor has a significant effect on the overall scale growth and internal corrosion depth. Heating rate greatly influences the porosity of the surface oxide layer with the surface getting more porous at faster heating rates. Nitride formation could be suppressed in the presence of water vapor, leading to a reduction of internal corrosion depth and a better formability of the final material. Experimental results were compared to thermodynamic predictions and critically discussed.

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On the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Scaling of Iron

Cited by 98 publications

References 5 publications

Prediction of Decarburized Ferrite Depth of Hypoeutectoid Steel with Simultaneous Oxidation

Prediction of Decarburized Ferrite Depth of Hypoeutectoid Steel with Simultaneous Oxidation

Manufacture of Wire Rods with Good Descaling Property

Influence of Gas Composition and Exposure Cycle on the Formation of Surface and Subsurface Oxides in Iron-Aluminum-Based Alloys at High Temperatures

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