On the mechanism of hydrogen-environment embrittlement of iron- and nickel-base alloys

Walter, R. J.; Jewett, R. P.; Chandler, W. T.

doi:10.1016/0025-5416(70)90039-x

Cited by 51 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, for in-situ hydrogen charging, the substantial hydrogen concentrations at the surface enabled hydrogen fracture events to be initiated at the specimen surface. These results leads to the conclusion that the EHE of MS-AHSS can occur more easily and at a lower equivalent fugacity than IHE, consistent with previous studies on conventional steels [68]. For IHE to occur, the existing hydrogen concentration should be high enough to accommodate for hydrogen loss during the mechanical test, particularly at the specimen surface.…”

Section: Ehe Of Ms1500supporting

confidence: 88%

“…In contrast, external hydrogen embrittlement (EHE), also known as hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE), results from exposure to a hydrogen-bearing environment [67]. For hydrogen gas, hydrogen is believed to enter the metal via the surface adsorption of diatomic hydrogen, followed by absorption in the lattice after dissociation into the Past research has noted several similarities and differences between IHE and EHE [68]. Both processes need a critical level of stress and a critical hydrogen concentration.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Further study of the hydrogen embrittlement of martensitic advanced high-strength steel in simulated auto service conditions

et al. 2018

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This work examines the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical and fracture properties of martensitic advanced high-strength steels under conditions relevant to automotive service: (i) in 3.5 wt% NaCl at different cathodic potentials, (ii) in acidified 3.5 wt% NaCl and (iii) at substantial stress rates. The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the steels increases at (i) increasingly negative potentials and at lower pH in 3.5 wt% NaCl, and (ii) at high charging potentials in 0.1 M NaOH at substantial stress rates. The hydrogen influence is manifested by a reduction in ductility, and the presence of brittle features on the fracture surface.

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Section: Ehe Of Ms1500supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further study of the hydrogen embrittlement of martensitic advanced high-strength steel in simulated auto service conditions

et al. 2018

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“…Due to complexity of the HE phenomena, it is required to have knowledge of the hydrogen interactions on the metal surface, how it enters the metal, its transport through the crystal lattice, its interaction with crystal defects (vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries, solutes) and precipitates, inclusions, interfaces, etc., and most importantly, its effect on the modification of material properties. Experimental studies on HE have shown that the presence of H atoms in a solid has a large influence on both crack nucleation and propagation [227]. It is established that HE is connected to the fast diffusion of H atoms through the solid materials lattice, often by quantum mechanical tunnelling even at room temperature followed by interaction with crystal defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

et al. 2018

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Hydrogen embrittlement is a complex phenomenon, involving several lengthand timescales, that affects a large class of metals. It can significantly reduce the ductility and load-bearing capacity and cause cracking and catastrophic brittle failures at stresses below the yield stress of susceptible materials. Despite a large research effort in attempting to understand the mechanisms of failure and in developing potential mitigating solutions, hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms are still not completely understood. There are controversial opinions in the literature regarding the underlying mechanisms and related experimental evidence supporting each of these theories. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed review up to the current state of the art on the effect of hydrogen on the degradation of metals, with a particular focus on steels. Here, we describe the effect of hydrogen in steels from the atomistic to the continuum scale by reporting theoretical evidence supported by quantum calculation and modern experimental characterisation methods, macroscopic effects that influence the mechanical properties of steels and established damaging mechanisms for the embrittlement of steels. Furthermore, we give an insight into current approaches and new mitigation strategies used to design new steels resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.

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“…When the SSME was designed in the early 197Os, the choice of structural materials was limited for applications requiring useful strength at temperatures as high as 760°C and room temperature strengths of at least 1,400 MPa. Figures 1,2,and 3 show the mechanical property vs temperature data available at that time and show clearly the advantages of allo r 718 over other available materials from both a stren th and ductility point of view. Other considerations or selecting ease o B fabrication, and relatively simple heat treating procedures.…”

Section: Svace Shuttle Main Enginementioning

confidence: 90%

The Use of Alloy 718 in the Space Shuttle Main Engine

Jewett¹,

Halchak²

1991

Superalloys 718, 625 and Various Derivatives (1991)

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Alloy 718 comprises 51% of the total weight of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. It is used for more than 1,500 individual parts in hydrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen-rich steam at temperatures ranging from-253°C to 760°C. The severe operating conditions of the SSME lead to potential problems such as hydrogen-cnvironment embrittlement and oxygen ignition. This paper will discuss how these potential problems are controlled through design,, protective barriers, and heat treatment. Operational experiences, fabrication tcchniqucs, and welding microfissures will also be discussed.

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On the mechanism of hydrogen-environment embrittlement of iron- and nickel-base alloys

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Further study of the hydrogen embrittlement of martensitic advanced high-strength steel in simulated auto service conditions

Further study of the hydrogen embrittlement of martensitic advanced high-strength steel in simulated auto service conditions

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

The Use of Alloy 718 in the Space Shuttle Main Engine

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