On the Mechanism of Immunity in Experimental Poliomyelitis

Immunization Against Poliomyelitis

“…From the observations of Jungeblut (30) and of Sabin and Olitsky (31), already cited, it appears that convalescent monkeys are resistant to intranasal or intracerebral challenge in the absence of demonstrable serum antibody. This has been interpreted as evidence of a local cellular form of immunity in tissues that have survived one invasion by the virus.…”

“…Jungeblut (30) reinoculated 11 convalescent monkeys and tested the serum of each from a bleeding just prior to challenge. Sera of 6 neutralized; sera of 5 did not.…”

“…Both Jungeblut (30) and Sabin and Olitsky (31) tested the sera of monkeys at varying intervals during the incubation period, the acute illness, and convalescence. Jungeblut There are discrepancies between these two sets of data in regard to the neutralization tests in the early stages, but it seems clear that the neutralizing agent appears in the serum of monkeys in response to the infection, even though its appearance is delayed.…”

“…In a second series of experiments, virus was treated with KC010 in the same concentrations as above. Monkeys were vaccinated intraperitoneally in groups of 3 with virus treated with KCl03 for (a) 30 for man (134). Actually no evidence for this appears to have existed prior to use of the vaccine on man.…”

Neutralization Tests in Poliomyelitis. Sera Taken During the Acute and Convalescent Stages of the Disease and Tested With a Passage Virus and a Strain Isolated During the 1935 New York City Outbreak 1

“…It has been shown (27,28) that sera of monkeys injected subcutaneously with a subinfective dose of virus may after a few weeks neutralize poliomyelitis virus in vitro, even though the animals are not able to resist an intracerebral or intranasal instillation of potent virus. Further, convalescent monkeys which are refractory to reinoculation may show no neutralizing substance in their sera (29,30,31). Evidence has been presented previously to support the contention that protective substances were present in 14 of 82 paralytic patients when the disease developed.…”