The
accessible scope of palladium-catalyzed diazo cross-coupling
reactions has been expanded to include aryl chlorides by controlled
diazo slow addition. The success of this strategy is based on manipulating
speciation within the catalytic cycle through starvation of the diazo
reagent to make the Pd(II) oxidative intermediate the resting state.
The strategy is also applicable to cross-coupling reactions with aryl
bromides and, in combination with safe, on-demand flow generation
of nonstabilized diazo reagents, has been used to greatly expand the
scope of applicable diazo compounds for this chemistry as well. Lastly,
DFT calculations have provided insight into the mechanism and support
for the proposed explanation for success of the slow addition strategy.