On the mechanism of squat formation on train rails – Part I: Origination

Steenbergen, Michaël; Dollevoet, Rolf

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.04.023

Cited by 96 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This essential microstructural change appeared during the formation of the WEA compared to previous study, which consist of nanocrystalline ferrites [5,9,22]. It is generally accepted that the existence of austenite provided an evidence of phase transformation [23,24].…”

Section: Phase Transformation and Amorphization In The Weamentioning

confidence: 50%

Phase transformation in white etching area in rolling contact fatigue

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) involves microstructural change in the subsurface of contact. The changed microstructure is generally termed as white etching area (WEA) as it appears white under optical microscope when etching in nital solution. WEA has been acknowledged as one of the primary failure modes in RCF since it causes severe local inhomogeneity of microstructure. It was reported that WEA consists of nano ferrites as martensite grains and carbides are significantly refined in the WEA. Some carbides are dissolved. In some cases, an amorphous-like structure was occasionally observed in the WEA, indicating that phase transformation may possibly occur. The WEAs were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The result showed that WEA is dominated with an amorphous phase with martensite, austenite and carbides embedded interior. A distinct interface between the matrix and the WEA was present. In addition to grain refinement down to nanometers, phase transformation including amorphization and austenitization happened in WEAs. The content of austenite was increased from 2% in the matrix to 20% in the WEA. The analysis showed that phase transformation is controlled by plastic deformation mechanism.

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Section: Phase Transformation and Amorphization In The Weamentioning

confidence: 50%

Phase transformation in white etching area in rolling contact fatigue

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…As highlighted by Steenbergen [9], a single mechanism cannot explain every WEL formation observed. One mechanism predominates for each contact, track and operational condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The subsurface layer suggests a flow of the material and an elongation of the pearlite grains containing very thin lamellae, with no change occurring to the deeper material (more than 50μm below the surface). [4] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the initial surface state of bodies in contact on the formation of white etching layers under dry sliding conditions

Vargolici

Merino

Saulot

et al. 2016

Wear

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“…Rail surface with edge detection and segmentation is to classify the image. Michael et all [16]. An image processing based method is proposed for detection of failures on rail surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Rail Surface Anomalies Using FPGA in Railways

Yaman

Karaköse

Akın

2017

ijamec

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Railway transport is a widely used means of transportation for passenger and cargo transportation. In recent years, more emphasis has been placed on railway transport. With the development of high-speed trains, it has become important for passenger transport. Due to the heavy construction of the train, continuous failures occur in the railway line. Various methods of inspection are available to detect these failures. In case of early fault detection and repair of major accidents can be prevented. In this study, an FPGA based method is proposed for rail surface inspection and fault diagnosis. The proposed method is realized by image processing with FPGA. The image is taken on the railway line with the camera attached to the FPGA development board. Pre-processing is performed on the obtained image. Edge extraction is applied to the image after pre-processing. The rail surface is detected using the image obtained as a result of edge extraction. The proposed method works in real time to monitor and diagnose faults. It detects many defects on the track surface. In addition, the proposed method measures the size of the fault on the rail surface. In this study, FPGA based condition monitoring device was developed. An architecture has been developed for implementing the proposed method with FPGA. This work using FPGA technology is low cost and fast compared to other methods. The proposed method is quite advantageous because of its realtime operation.

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On the mechanism of squat formation on train rails – Part I: Origination

Cited by 96 publications

References 29 publications

Phase transformation in white etching area in rolling contact fatigue

Phase transformation in white etching area in rolling contact fatigue

Influence of the initial surface state of bodies in contact on the formation of white etching layers under dry sliding conditions

A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Rail Surface Anomalies Using FPGA in Railways

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