On the mechanism responsible for unconventional thermal behaviour during freezing

Abstract

Abstract

Role of microstructure and composition on natural convection during ternary alloy solidification

“…A similar temperature profile was reported by the present authors during the solidification of faceted growth in the binary system of water–KNO 3 (Kumar et al. 2020 a ), where the mechanisms of random flow and gain in temperature after convection are discussed in detail.…”

“…In the presence of faceted growth, a gain in temperature (discussed in § 4.1.1 for faceted growth in figure 7; Kumar et al. 2020 a ) was observed at the end of random convection. However, in this regime, the gain in temperature disappeared, and flat temperature profiles were observed in the region; this is marked by a grey rectangular box in figure 23.…”

“…The convective velocity of random convection was more than the plume velocities (Kumar et al. 2020 a ). Faceted solid was observed in the primary mush, as shown in figure 6( d ).…”

“…This unusual behaviour was recently investigated and the occurrence of random convection causing early eutectic formation was proposed as a plausible mechanism (Kumar et al. 2020 a ). Anderson & Schulze (2005) developed a global conservation model to identify the growth rate of both primary and cotectic mush zones, and solid fraction in the presence and absence of convection.…”

Patterns during Evaporative Crystallization of a Saline Droplet

“…The crystallization and growth of inorganic salts are influenced by the morphology and shape of the crystals including equiaxed, cellular, dendritic, octahedron, orthorhombic, prismatic, needle-type, globular, and acicular. ,− Most of the studies related to evaporative crystallization of saline droplets utilize sodium chloride (NaCl) salt due to the general occurrence of the salt. ,, NaCl crystals grow as cubic- or octahedron-shaped during evaporation of the saline droplet, leading to a “coffee-ring” pattern at the pinned contact line. − The study of evaporative growth of needle-type crystals is limited. , Such crystal morphologies are observed in potassium nitrate, , which is generally used in fertilizers, painting, magical art writing, gun powder, toothpaste, and thermal storage medium for power generation. , The nitrate-based salts from wastewater often wick through and cause damage to historical monuments and wall paintings …”