On the mechanisms of deactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores using supercritical carbon dioxide

Microscopic and Spectroscopic Evaluation of Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by Pulsed UV Light and Infrared Heating

“…Liu et al (2004) utilized FTIR to assess the interaction between chitosan and a synthetic phospholipid membrane in an effort to understand the basic inactivation mechanism. Several researchers have successfully utilized FTIR for discrimination of microorganisms and the investigation of the changes in chemical composition because of several processes (Kilimann et al 2006;Zhang et al 2006). Therefore, the use of TEM and FTIR will be beneficial to explore the inactivation mechanisms for pulsed UV light and infrared treatments.…”

Inactivation of Aspergillus Spores in Clinical Wastes by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

“…The SC-CO 2 is also non-toxic, inflammable and eco-friendly. Thus, it has not negative effect on the human and environment compared to thermal or chemical treatments [26,27]. The efficiency of SC-CO 2 for inactivating of pathogenic bacteria in clinical wastes has been investigated in previous work [21,24] which indicated that the SC-CO 2 inactivated S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by 6 log reductions and met the standards limitation for level I recommended by STAATT.…”

Effect of High-pressure CO2Processing on Bacterial Spores

“…The addition of even a low concentration of a strong oxidant, such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, peracetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid, to CO 2 could achieve high-efficacy inactivation of bacterial spores at mild temperatures (35-60ºC) (White et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006a;Zhang et al, 2006b;Zhang et al, 2007;Hemmer et al, 2007;Tarafa et al, 2009;Shieh et al, 2009;Checinska et al, 2011 reduction in the number of B. atrophaeus spores by HPCD treatment at 10 MPa and 35-41ºC for 27 min with the addition of 55 ppm PAA to CO 2 . All of these studies indicated that the addition of strong oxidants to CO 2 could result in a high inactivation ratio of bacterial spores at a lower temperature with a shorter treatment time.…”

“…Therefore, HPCD has not yet delivered on its promise as a potential sporicide due to its inability to achieve industrial levels of sterilization. To demonstrate industrial-level sterilization for potential commercial application, it is essential to demonstrate at least a 6-log reduction in the number of bacterial spores (FDA, 1997;White et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006b;Perrut, 2012). In recent years, the number of published journal articles related to bacterial spore inactivation by HPCD treatment has significantly increased, reaching a cumulative number of 34 published journal articles in June 2012 ( Figure 1).…”

“…In recent years, the number of published journal articles related to bacterial spore inactivation by HPCD treatment has significantly increased, reaching a cumulative number of 34 published journal articles in June 2012 ( Figure 1). In 27 of these published articles, 12 species of bacterial spores have been investigated: Bacillus subtilis (Kamihira et al, 1987;Ishikawa et al, 1997;Ballestra and Cuq., 1998;Spilimbergo et al, 2002;Spilimbergo et al, 2003a;Watanabe et al, 2003a;Karajanagi et al, 2011), B. cereus (Ishikawa et al, 1997;Spilimbergo et al, 2003a;Watanabe et al, 2003a;Garcia-Gonzalez et al, 2009), B. megaterium (Ishikawa et al, 1997;Enomoto et al, 1997), B. polymyxa (Ishikawa et al, 1997), B. coagulans (Ishikawa et al, 1997;Furukawa et al, 2003;Watanabe et al, 2003a;Watanabe et al, 2003b;Furukawa et al, 2004;Furukawa et al, 2006), B. licheniformis (Furukawa et al, 2003;Watanabe et al, 2003a;Watanabe et al, 2003b;Furukawa et al, 2004;Furukawa et al, 2006), B. pumilus Tarafa et al, 2009;Shieh et al, 2009;Checinska et al, 2011), B. atrophaeus (Hemmer et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006b;Qiu et al, 2009), B. anthracis (Zhang et al, 2007), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Kamihira et al, 1987;Watanabe et al, 2003a;White et al, 2006;Hemmer …”