On the mechanisms of lysis triggered by perturbations of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis

Abstract

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by antibiotics such as β-lactams is thought to cause explosive lysis through loss of cell wall integrity. However, recent studies on a wide range of bacteria have suggested that these antibiotics also perturb central carbon metabolism, contributing to death via oxidative damage. Here, we genetically dissect this connection in Bacillus subtilis perturbed for cell wall synthesis, and identify key enzymatic steps in upstream and downstream pathways that stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species through cellular respiration. Our results also reveal the critical role of iron homeostasis for the oxidative damage-mediated lethal effects. We show that protection of cells from oxygen radicals via a recently discovered siderophore-like compound uncouples changes in cell morphology normally associated with cell death, from lysis as usually judged by a phase pale microscopic appearance. Phase paling appears to be closely associated with lipid peroxidation.

A smooth vetch (Vicia villosa var.) strain endogenous to the broad-spectrum antagonist Bacillus siamensis JSZ06 alleviates banana wilt disease

“…Additional tetracycline antibiotics include Sarecycline, Rolitetracycline, Minocycline, and Oxytetracycline, of which Oxytetracycline has been shown to inhibit the growth of fungal populations in the soil (Wang et al, 2017). Two amide antibiotics, Macrolactin A (7-O-Succinyl) with Cycloheximide, were also found, and Olishevska et al ( 2019) discovered that 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A, which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was capable to generate, has an antifungal efficacy against both plant infections and damaged fungal cells (Kawai et al, 2023). Validamycin A and Actinonin were also found to be two types of natural antimicrobial agents.…”

“…Two amide antibiotics, Macrolactin A (7-O-Succinyl) with Cycloheximide, were also found, and Olishevska et al. (2019) discovered that 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A, which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was capable to generate, has an antifungal efficacy against both plant infections and damaged fungal cells ( Kawai et al., 2023 ). Validamycin A and Actinonin were also found to be two types of natural antimicrobial agents.…”

Multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry: applications in nanoarchitectonics and applied physics

“…Various scientific technologies that advocate nanotechnology make it possible to directly observe the structure of atoms and molecules. 21,22) The physical properties of materials at the microscopic level are now being revealed. 23,24) Various sensors, 25,26) devices, 27,28) energy-related functional systems, 29,30) and biomedical materials 31,32) have been developed, and many of them have nanostructures that enhance their functions.…”