On the Metabolism of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Man

Maurer, Hans H.; Moelle, r; Roesler, Michael; Kovar, K.‐A.

doi:10.1097/00007691-199304000-00062

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In man, oxidation is the predominant metabolic pathway for ecstasy 15 and this reaction is catalysed by cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP2D6 in yeast, 16 and CYP2D in rats 17 . Methoxyamphetamine and hydroxyamphetamine are eliminated by cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP2D6 in man, and this would also seem to be a likely route for ecstasy 18 , .…”

Section: Putative Mechanisms Of Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: mechanisms and management of hepatotoxicity in ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamine intoxications

Jones

Simpson

1999

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

121

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The social use of ecstasy (methylenedioxymethampheta-mine, MDMA) and amphetamines is widespread in the UK and Europe, and they are popularly considered as 'safe'. However, deaths have occurred and hepatotoxicity has featured in many cases of intoxication with amphetamine or its methylenedioxy analogues such as ecstasy. Recreational use of these drugs presents an important but often concealed cause of hepatitis or acute liver failure, particularly in young people. The patterns of liver damage and multiple putative mechanisms of injury are discussed. Recognition of the aetiological agent requires a high index of suspicion. Optimum management of the resultant liver damage, including the controversial role of liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure, is also discussed.

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Section: Putative Mechanisms Of Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: mechanisms and management of hepatotoxicity in ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamine intoxications

Jones

Simpson

1999

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

121

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“…albicostalis Walker, 1863, the type species of Assara, its close relative, the generic assignment of seminivale is independent of any considerations of whether Assara as presently conceived is monophyletic or not. Unlike the venation figured by Roesler (1973) for Assara albicostalis, Sc + R , and Rs in the hindwing are separate though narrowly parallel from middle of cell in seminivale. However, the two veins are so close that only a wing preparation will allow reliable observation, and i t is conceivable that this character state may at times be misrepresented with the two veins shown anastomosing or fused.…”

Section: Redescription Male and Female (Figs 1-3)mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…No similar species of Assara is known from Queensland. Roesler (1973Roesler ( , 1983 and Roesler and Kuppers (1981) report Assara seminivale from Sikkim, Tonkin, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Borneo, and provide detailed redescriptions and figures of adults and genitalia. It is not stated whether identifications are based on the original description only or whether the type has been seen.…”

Section: Redescription Male and Female (Figs 1-3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16) or any other Australian Assara. Both female genitalia, one ascribed to a male from Colombo (but pertaining to the female from Sikkim) (Roesler 1973) and one from Sumatra (Roesler and Kuppers 1981;Roesler 1983), could be seminivale. However, differences between the female genitalia of different Assara species are often very small.…”

Section: Redescription Male and Female (Figs 1-3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18). The current concept of the genus Assara (Roesler 1973) includes several quite diverse groups, from Assara s. str. (Walker 1863) with the signum a sclerotised fold produced as a serrate blade on the one end to a group including the type of Cateremna (Meyrick 1882) with the signum a spiral of sclerotised dots or small teeth on the other.…”

Section: Redescription Male and Female (Figs 1-3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identity of Two Phycitine Pests on Macadamia (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

Horak

1994

Australian Journal of Entomology

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The correct taxonomic identity of the "macadamia flower caterpillar" (Cryptoblabes hemigypsa Turner) and the "kernel grub" (Assara seminivale (Turner)) is established and the two species are redescribed and figured. C. hemigypsa has generally been misidentified as Homoeosoma vagella Zeller, and A . seminivale has been referred to as Catarernna sp., a misspelling of Cateremna Meyrick which is a junior subjective synonym of Assara Walker.

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Enantioselective determination of 3,4‐methylene‐dioxymethamphetamine and two of its metabolites in human urine by cyclodextrin‐modified capillary zone electrophoresis

Lanz¹,

Brenneisen²,

Thormann³

1997

Electrophoresis

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Using capillary zone electrophoresis with a phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 30 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selector, the simultaneous separation of the enantiomers of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) and its two metabolites 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in human urine is reported. The assay described is based upon enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated HMMA (major urinary metabolite) and solid-phase extraction followed by injection of a few nL of the extract onto a 50 microm internal diameter (ID) fused-silica capillary of 60 cm length. Solutes are detected via on-column absorbance at 195 nm. For 375 ng/mL drug levels, intraday and interday imprecision is < 4%. With 5 mL urine samples, the detection limit is in the 20-50 ng/mL range. Via analysis of the urines of two patients, the metabolism of MDMA is demonstrated to be enantioselective, with significantly higher urinary amounts of R-(-)-MDMA being excreted compared to S-(+)-MDMA. Within 72h after drug administration one patient was determined to excrete 42.28 and 10.16% of the racemic MDMA dose (1.5 mg/kg body weight) as R-(-) and S-(+)-MDMA enantiomers, respectively. Corresponding values for the second subject were found to be 28.63 and 9.34%. The metabolism of the enantiomers of the two metabolites showed interindividual differences. The first and second detected HMMA enantiomers represented 3.79 and 5.42% (first subject) and 8.51 and 4.36% (second), respectively, of the administered MDMA dose. For the MDA enantiomers, corresponding values were 2.44, 1.76, 0.75, and 0.79%, respectively.

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On the Metabolism of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Man

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Review article: mechanisms and management of hepatotoxicity in ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamine intoxications

Review article: mechanisms and management of hepatotoxicity in ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamine intoxications

Identity of Two Phycitine Pests on Macadamia (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

Enantioselective determination of 3,4‐methylene‐dioxymethamphetamine and two of its metabolites in human urine by cyclodextrin‐modified capillary zone electrophoresis

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