On the micro-indentation of plant cells in a tissue context

Mosca, Gabriella; Sapala, Aleksandra; Strauss, Soeren; Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise; Smith, Richard S.

doi:10.1088/1478-3975/aa5698

Cited by 42 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…(), for studies that use larger probes to indent tissue surfaces more substantially, cell wall bending is presumed to occur and tensile properties of the wall may influence mechanical indentations. Translation of such indentation results into tensile properties of the wall is challenging, however, as it requires detailed knowledge of the geometry of wall indentation as well as knowledge of cell wall compressibility, cell turgor pressure and spatial patterns of cell wall stress and wall anisotropy (Milani et al ., ; Routier‐Kierzkowska and Smith, ; Beauzamy et al ., ; Weber et al ., ; Mosca et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indentations of living cells may be influenced by turgor pressure which pre‐stresses and stiffens the wall in a manner dependent on cell geometry (Forouzesh et al ., ; Beauzamy et al ., ; Weber et al ., ). Indentations may also be sensitive to the presence of anticlinal walls of the epidermis and underlying cell layers (Peaucelle et al ., ; Bou Daher et al ., ) and to connections with neighboring cells (Mosca et al ., ). Moreover, forces applied to living cells induce hydraulic flows that may influence cell and tissue deformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Disentangling loosening from softening: insights into primary cell wall structure

et al. 2019

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How cell wall elasticity, plasticity, and time-dependent extension (creep) relate to one another, to plant cell wall structure and to cell growth remain unsettled topics. To examine these issues without the complexities of living tissues, we treated cell-free strips of onion epidermal walls with various enzymes and other agents to assess which polysaccharides bear mechanical forces in-plane and out-of-plane of the cell wall. This information is critical for integrating concepts of wall structure, wall material properties, tissue mechanics and mechanisms of cell growth. With atomic force microscopy we also monitored real-time changes in the wall surface during treatments. Driselase, a potent cocktail of wall-degrading enzymes, removed cellulose microfibrils in superficial lamellae sequentially, layer-by-layer, and softened the wall (reduced its mechanical stiffness), yet did not induce wall loosening (creep). In contrast Cel12A, a bifunctional xyloglucanase/cellulase, induced creep with only subtle changes in wall appearance. Both Driselase and Cel12A increased the tensile compliance, but differently for elastic and plastic components. Homogalacturonan solubilization by pectate lyase and calcium chelation greatly increased the indentation compliance without changing tensile compliances. Acidic buffer induced rapid cell wall creep via endogenous a-expansins, with negligible effects on wall compliances. We conclude that these various wall properties are not tightly coupled and therefore reflect distinctive aspects of wall structure. Cross-lamellate networks of cellulose microfibrils influenced creep and tensile stiffness whereas homogalacturonan influenced indentation mechanics. This information is crucial for constructing realistic molecular models that define how wall mechanics and growth depend on primary cell wall structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Disentangling loosening from softening: insights into primary cell wall structure

et al. 2019

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“…Sometimes this is a matter of convenience-elasticity is relatively straightforward to incorporate into simulations of growth (Fayant et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2015)-and numerous methods have been devised in recent years to measure elasticity of tissues and cells with mechanical devices (e.g. Routier-Kierzkowska et al, 2012;Nezhad et al, 2013;Beauzamy et al, 2015b;Vogler et al, 2015;Mosca et al, 2017). To be fair, there are indeed cases where elasticity roughly correlates with cell growth, as discussed below.…”

Section: Wall Stress Relaxation Drives Cell Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peaucelle et al, 2011;Milani et al, 2014;Sampathkumar et al, 2014a). This is a complex topic beyond the scope of this review, but readers are referred to reviews that assess the varied approaches and interpretations of these stiffness measurements (Milani et al, 2013;Mosca et al, 2017). AFMbased stiffness maps of the shoot apical meristem have been compared with maps of cell shape, cell division, auxin flow, gene expression, and cytoskeletal patterns Robinson et al, 2013;de Reuille et al, 2014;Sassi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Insights From Afm Of Epidermal Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse Growth of Plant Cell Walls

2017

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“…tissues through simulations based on either artificial structures (Mosca et al 2017) or reconstructed ones from confocal images (Bassel et al 2014;Mosca et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Turgor-Induced Stress Patterns in Multilayered Plant Tissues

et al. 2019

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The intertwining between mechanics and developmental biology is extensively studied at the shoot apical meristem of land plants. Indeed, plants morphogenesis heavily relies on mechanics; tissue deformations are fueled by turgor-induced forces, and cell mechanosensitivity plays a major regulatory role in this dynamics. Since measurements of forces in growing meristems are still out of reach, our current knowledge relies mainly on theoretical and numerical models. So far, these modeling efforts have 1 been mostly focusing on the epidermis, where aerial organs are initiated. In many models, the epidermis is assimilated to its outermost cell walls and described as a thin continuous shell under pressure, thereby neglecting the inner walls. There is, however, growing experimental evidence suggesting a significant mechanical role of these inner walls. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of inner walls on the mechanical homeostasis of meristematic tissues. To this end, we simulated numerically the effect of turgor-induced loading, both in realistic flower buds and in more abstract structures. These simulations were performed using finite element meshes 2 with subcellular resolution. Our analysis sheds light on the mechanics of growing plants by revealing the strong influence of inner walls on the epidermis mechanical stress pattern especially in negatively curved regions. Our simulations also display some strong and unsuspected features, such as a correlation between stress intensity and cell size, as well as differential response to loading between epidermal and inner cells. Finally, we monitored the time evolution of the mechanical stresses felt by each cell and its descendants during the early steps of flower morphogenesis.

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On the micro-indentation of plant cells in a tissue context

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Disentangling loosening from softening: insights into primary cell wall structure

Disentangling loosening from softening: insights into primary cell wall structure

Diffuse Growth of Plant Cell Walls

Simulating Turgor-Induced Stress Patterns in Multilayered Plant Tissues

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