On the mineral in collagen of human crown dentine

Understanding Nano-Anatomy of Healthy and Carious Human Teeth: a Prerequisite for Nanodentistry

“…Orientation of dentin crystallites and collagen as determined by our SAXS measurements are in reasonable agreement with literature [7,10,11,31,32,39,47,63,64]. We additionally extracted the degree of orientation as a measure of local specimen anisotropy.…”

“…4 exhibits increased scattering potential compared to unaffected regions, indicating increased porosity or larger crystallites [31,52,53].…”

“…Thus, the complex three-dimensional (3D) organization of the hard tissues from the nanometer to the macroscopic scales confers such outstanding mechanical properties upon tooth structure. The complex structure of human teeth [28][29][30][31][32] facilitates the preservation of hardness and wear resistance over many millions of masticatory cycles. Besides the microscopic structure, investigations of the nanostructure have been performed, mainly with local probe techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [22,[33][34][35][36].…”

“…X-ray-based scattering techniques are well suited to reveal bulk nanostructures. Position-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (often termed scanning SAXS) [37,38] is a unique method for investigating nanostructures of healthy and carious teeth over macroscopic areas [31,32,39,40].…”

X-ray diffraction as a promising tool to characterize bone nanocomposites

“…In addition to bone, x-ray diffraction technique has also been useful to investigate the structure and mechanical properties of dentin [95,96]. However, recent studies have questioned the non-perturbing character of x-rays and discussed a possible effect of high-energy x-ray doses on the mechanical properties of bone [97,98].…”