On the Minimum Ignition Temperature for the explosive Decomposition of tetrafluoroethylene on hot walls: Experiments and calculations

Ferrero, Fabio; Beckmann-Kluge, M.; Spoormaker, Tom; Schröder, V.

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2011.11.005

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…TFE is dangerous to work with, and care must be taken to avoid subjecting TFE to conditions where it may autopolymerize or decompose. The mechanism of decomposition has been reported in detail. ,,− In summary, TFE does not exist in ethylenic form per se; that is, electronic and steric factors perturb the electron distribution in the π-orbital to such an extent that the molecule exists as a biradicalloid and not as a canonical ethylenic species . This in turn translates to a molecule that can very easily undergo addition reactions, and TFE may easily undergo self-addition to form cyclo-octafluorobutane (Δ H R = −103 kJ/mol) .…”

Section: Synthesis Of Tfe and Concomitant Safety Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to tremendous pressure spikes and the concomitant explosion of the containing vessel. Studies on the thermal decomposition of TFE in both small- (1 L) and large-volume (100 L) vessels indicate that the autodecomposition temperature decreases with pressure and decreases with reactor volume. , …”

Section: Synthesis Of Tfe and Concomitant Safety Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…116-14-3) is an odorless, colorless, and flammable gas with a density greater than air. TFE is highly unstable under certain conditions, and if heated to>380 °C, the monomer may undergo autodecomposition to carbon and CF 4 44 and may self-polymerize under pressure or under adiabatic compression. 18 The salient physical and chemical properties of TFE are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Tfe and Concomitant Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the thermal decomposition of TFE in both small-(1 L) and largevolume (100 L) vessels indicate that the autodecomposition temperature decreases with pressure and decreases with reactor volume. 44,76 The effect of volume is inferred to be related to an increase in internal vessel surface area. The rearrangement reaction to form CF 4 and carbon may occur in the gas phase but requires high temperatures (which may also be induced by rapid changes in pressure).…”

Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polytetrafluoroethylene: Synthesis and Characterization of the Original Extreme Polymer

2019

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This Review aims to be a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical review of general interest to the chemistry community (both academia and industry) as it contains an extensive overview of all published data on the homopolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), detailing the TFE homopolymerization process and the resulting chemical and physical properties. Several reviews and encyclopedia chapters on the properties and applications of fluoropolymers in general have been published, including various reviews that extensively report copolymers of TFE (listed below). Despite this, a thorough review of the specific methods of synthesis of the homopolymer, and the relationships between synthesis conditions and the physicochemical properties of the material prepared, has not been available. This Review intends to fill that gap. As known, PTFE and its marginally modified derivatives comprise some 60−65% of the total international fluoropolymer market with a global increase of ca. 7% per annum of its production. Numerous companies, such as Asahi Glass, Solvay Specialty Polymers, Daikin, DuPont/Chemours, Juhua, 3F, 3M/ Dyneon, etc., produce TFE homopolymers. Such polymers, both high-molecular-mass materials and waxes, are chemically inert and hydrophobic and exhibit an excellent thermal stability as well as an exceptionally low coefficient of friction. These polymers find use in applications ranging from coatings and lubrication to pyrotechnics, and an extensive industry (electronic, aerospace, wires and cables, and textiles) has been built around them. South Africa, being the third largest producer of fluorspar (CaF 2 ), the precursor to hydrogen fluoride and fluorine, has embarked on an industrial initiative to locally beneficiate its fluorspar reserves, with the local production of fluoropolymers being one projected outcome. As our manuscript focuses specifically on the homopolymerization of TFE (the starting point for all fluoropolymer industries), it will be of considerable use to start-up companies and other commercial entities looking to enter the fluoropolymer market, as well as to end-user companies. The manuscript commences with a short discussion on the synthesis and production of TFE (both at industrial and laboratory scales), including the safety aspects surrounding handling (because that monomer is regarded as explosive if brought into contact with oxygen due to the formation of peroxides), transport, and storage, and then expands into detailed discussions dealing with aspects such as the various additives used (buffers, chain transfer agents, surfactants, etc.), the solvent environment, and the reaction conditions. A further section reports the properties of PTFE with respect to the polymerization conditions as well as an overview on the specialized techniques used to characterize PTFE. Finally, the applications of PTFE in various fields, ranging from electrical insulation to tribological to medical applications, as well as chemically resistant coatings and pyrotechnics, are discussed.

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Section: Synthesis Of Tfe and Concomitant Safety Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Tfe and Concomitant Safety Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Tfe and Concomitant Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polytetrafluoroethylene: Synthesis and Characterization of the Original Extreme Polymer

2019

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Critical ignition conditions for propane/air premixtures impinging on electric heated surfaces: An experimental study

Imamura,

Sakuma,

Nakazawa

et al. 2023

Fire Safety Journal

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Preparation of tetrafluoroethylene from the pyrolysis of pentafluoropropionate salts

Hercules

Parrish

Sayler

et al. 2017

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry

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The use of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) in academic institutions beyond a few millimoles has often been inhibited by the compound's inherent danger and general lack of commercial availability. On the other hand, TFE is prepared industrially on a rather large scale by a number of major fluorochemical companies via the pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane at high temperatures, yielding TFE and HCl. For a few years at The University of Alabama and Clemson University, we have been preparing TFE on a 100 +-gram scale by the pyrolysis under dynamic vacuum of pentafluoropropionate salts, which can be obtained from the neutralization of pentafluoropropionic acid with a M(OH) n (where M = Li, Na, K, and Cs for n = 1 and Mg, Ca, and Ba for n = 2). Additionally, potassium pentafluoropropionate can be prepared from the reaction of potassium trimethylsilanolate and ethyl pentafluoropropionate. The pentafluoropropionate salts and their

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On the Minimum Ignition Temperature for the explosive Decomposition of tetrafluoroethylene on hot walls: Experiments and calculations

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Polytetrafluoroethylene: Synthesis and Characterization of the Original Extreme Polymer

Polytetrafluoroethylene: Synthesis and Characterization of the Original Extreme Polymer

Critical ignition conditions for propane/air premixtures impinging on electric heated surfaces: An experimental study

Preparation of tetrafluoroethylene from the pyrolysis of pentafluoropropionate salts

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