On the modeling of passenger mobility for stochastic bi-modal urban corridors

Dakic, Igor; Ambühl, Lukas; Schümperlin, Oliver; Menéndez, Mónica

doi:10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.018

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A further consideration is to enhance the parking fees using responsive pricing schemes in order to optimize the total revenue from parking pricing (Jakob et al (2018)). We could also enhance the model by including public transport and studying the multimodal demand effects on the parking occupancy (Dakic et al (2020); Loder et al (2017); Paipuri and Leclercq (2020); Zheng et al (2014)). Future research could incorporate as well a differentiation between on-and off-street parking (Jakob and Menendez (2019)) and evaluate their impacts on the optimal occupancy rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Jakob¹,

Menéndez²

2020

Preprint

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A very high parking occupancy can negatively influence the traffic performance of an area by causing very long cruising times. A very low parking occupancy, on the other hand, is inefficient from a space utilization perspective. Thus, this paper proposes a framework to compute the optimal parking occupancy rate over a given time horizon based on a macroscopic traffic and parking model. This rate is set high enough to ensure an efficient usage of the parking infrastructure. However, it should also guarantee a high likelihood of finding parking in order to eliminate the drivers’ time wasted in cruising for parking and the added congestion it causes. The model outputs are based on small data collection efforts and low computational costs, and they can be generated without complex simulation software using a simple numerical solver. Multiple vehicle types are included into our methodology allowing us to generate insights about the optimal parking occupancy with or without differentiated parking (i.e., parking for specific vehicles, such as fuel and electric vehicles). In times of a modal shift towards electric vehicles, cities can use our model to evaluate how much parking supply (with battery charging opportunities) they would like to dedicate to electric vehicles in order to achieve optimal traffic and parking results, and whether a differentiated or semi-differentiated parking policy is desirable. We illustrate our framework in a case study of a central area within the city of Zurich, Switzerland, showing the traffic and parking impacts (e.g., average searching time for parking, total revenue created by parking fees, optimal parking occupancy rate) for different proportions of fuel and electric vehicles in the parking demand and/or supply. Our results confirm that optimal occupancy rates are between and for most realistic scenarios. We then discuss how these rates might change depending on various demand and supply relationships, and according to different parking policies. We show that equal proportions between electric vehicles in the demand and their parking spaces in the supply lead to the best traffic performance in the area. We also provide the tools for cities to analyze their loss in performance if they do not react, e.g., to an increasing demand for electric vehicles over time. Moreover, we illustrate how some of these risks can be mitigated by having more flexible parking policies, e.g., allowing electric vehicles to use parking spaces for fuel vehicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Jakob¹,

Menéndez²

2020

Preprint

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“…Building on the two papers above, Loder et al (2019) shows that the empirical 3D-MFD for both Zurich and London can be fitted using a specific functional form of the 3D-MFD for vehicle flow. Focusing on the passenger flow, Dakic et al (2019a) develops an innovative method to estimate a passenger 3D-MFD model, which further demonstrates that the 3D-MFD model is well-defined for passenger flow and indeed exists empirically. Furthermore, Dakic et al (2019b) shows that even if passenger occupancy cannot be dynamically estimated, as long as an appropriate occupancy of the modes is assumed, network control performance based on the 3D-MFD will not deviate significantly from the theoretical optimum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Providing public transport priority in the perimeter of urban networks: A bimodal strategy

Yang

Liang

et al. 2019

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

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Bimodal urban networks are complex systems operating within multiple constraints. This paper develops an integrated and systematic framework for the optimization of bimodal urban networks using 3D-MFDs, considering the complexities of bimodality. With the proposed framework, effective strategies can be designed for the planning, management, and control of bimodal networks. In particular, strategies to provide public transport priority on the network level can be holistically evaluated. We apply this methodological framework to propose, model, and analyze one such strategy to provide public transport priority in the perimeter of urban networks. The proposed strategy addresses a pressing problem of the existing perimeter control (i.e. gating) schemes: public transport vehicles will be queuing with the cars in the perimeter and hence blocked from entering the network. This impairs the service quality of public transport. Adopting our proposed strategy, the inflows of public transport and cars can be regulated independently (i.e. both inflows are controllable), the network traffic can be managed more efficiently, and public transport priority can be provided. The performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated both analytically and with simulations. Results show that the proposed strategy always performs better than existing perimeter control schemes in terms of passenger mobility. Most importantly, it differentiates the public transport mode and the car mode, with much smaller queueing time outside the network for public transport. This can shift the transportation system to a more sustainable state in the long run. Policy recommendations are provided for a large range of traffic scenarios.

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“…Wada et al (2018) applied VT for coordinated traffic signal control for both deterministic and stochastic demands. Dakic et al (2020) applied a stochastic shortest path search within VT, to estimate the capacity of bi-modal corridors. Laval et al (2016) explored the impact of source terms on VT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the application of variational theory on networks

Tilg¹,

Ambühl²,

Batista³

et al. 2020

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The well-known Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) theory is the fundamental pillar for most macroscopic traffic models. In the past, many methods were developed to numerically derive solutions for LWR problems. Examples for such numerical solution schemes are the cell transmission model, the link transmission model, and the variational theory (VT) of traffic flow. So far, the latter framework found applications in the fields of traffic modelling, macroscopic fundamental diagram estimation, multi-modal traffic analyses, and data fusion. However, these studies apply VT only at the link or corridor level. To the best of our knowledge, there is no methodology yet to apply VT at the network level. We address this gap by developing a VT-based framework applicable to networks. Our model allows us to account for source terms (e.g. inflows and outflows at intersections) and the propagation of spillbacks between adjacent corridors consistent with kinematic wave theory. We show that the trajectories extracted from a microscopic simulation fit the predicted traffic states from our model for a simple intersection with both source terms and spillbacks. We also use this simple example to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed model. Additionally, we apply our model to the Sioux Falls network and again compare the results to those from a microscopic simulation. Our results indicate a close fit of traffic states, but with substantially lower computational cost. The developed methodology is useful for network-wide traffic state estimations in real-time, or other applications within a model-based optimization framework.

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On the modeling of passenger mobility for stochastic bi-modal urban corridors

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Providing public transport priority in the perimeter of urban networks: A bimodal strategy

On the application of variational theory on networks

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