On the motivational drivers of gray entrepreneurship: An exploratory study

An Interpretive Phenomenological Study of Older Entrepreneurs in Pakistan

“…The context of our investigation is a developing country characterized by political and economic instability and badly affected by terrorism, which might have resulted in strongly featuring the push type of motivators. Similar results have been anticipated for such contexts in a recent study contextualized towards an affluent European country, where pull type of motivators came to surface (Harms, Luck, Kraus, & Walsh, 2014). Pull factors in other studies have also been identified in developed countries context (Ahmad, Nasurdin, Halim, & Taghizadeh, 2014;Glancey, Greig, & Pettigrew, 1998).…”

Seniorpreneur as a career option for smart active ageing. A study on Romania

“…However, there are many factors which might discourage seniors from entrepreneurial activity, like technological developments, high administrative and tax burden (Pilkova et al, 2014). Although, contrary to classic stereotyping, senior entrepreneurs remain highly ambitious and open to technological developments (Harms et al, 2014). Kautonen et al (2011) shows that work history becomes a significant determinant of entrepreneurial intentions only at people later career stages.…”

Motivational focus of international entrepreneurs in Spain: From early explorers to straggler exploiters

“…Such a starting point leads us to focus attention on studies into entrepreneurs' motivation in the business world, particularly those that seek to analyze the creation of a firm and the various driving forces behind it: a desire for independence, wealth, challenge, recognition, prestige, power, and the need to achieve (Carraher, Buchanan & Puia, ; Degeorge & Fayolle, ; Hessels, Gelderen & Thurik, ; Morales‐Gualdrón, Gutiérrez‐Gracia & Roig‐Dobón, ; Seibokaite & Endriulaitiene, ; Shane, ). Certain authors have posited a bipolar structure that serves to group the previously mentioned factors into two forces: pull versus push, or put differently, necessity versus opportunity (Harms, Luck, Kraus, & Walsh, ; Hesseles et al, ; Morales‐Gualdrón et al, ). The research has also used the push/pull structure to explain the decision to export (Dana, Hamilton, & Wick, ).…”