On the nature of bulk electrical relaxation in 4‑tricyanovinyl-N,N-diethylaniline (TCVA)

Darwish, A.A.A.; Hassanien, A.M.; Hanafy, T. A.; El-Nahass, M.M.

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.12.007

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This result confirms that hopping conduction is the dominant current transport mechanisms. The same behavior was obtained for other similar systems [22,39]. …”

Section: Dielectric Properties and Ac Conductivitysupporting

confidence: 86%

Analysis of X-ray structure, dielectric properties and AC conductivity of (4E)-2-amino-3-cyanobenzo[b]oxocin-6-one

Ali

Ibrahim

2016

Materials Science-Poland

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The crystal structure of (4E)-2-amino-3-cyanobenzo [b]oxocin-6-one, denoted as 4(E)-ACBO, was analyzed using X-ray diffraction technique. The dielectric and AC electrical conductivity measurements of the bulk 4(E)-ACBO in the form of pellet were studied in the range of frequency 42 Hz to 5 MHz and the temperature range of 303 K to 373 K. The temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric constant (ε 1 ), dielectric loss (ε 2 ) and AC electrical conductivity (σ AC ) were investigated. The relaxation time (τ) for electrons to hop over a barrier of height W H was calculated at different temperatures. The AC activation energy was determined from the temperature dependence of σ AC at different frequencies.

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“…This result confirms that hopping conduction is the dominant current transport mechanisms. The same behavior was obtained for other similar systems [22,39]. …”

Section: Dielectric Properties and Ac Conductivitysupporting

confidence: 86%

Analysis of X-ray structure, dielectric properties and AC conductivity of (4E)-2-amino-3-cyanobenzo[b]oxocin-6-one

Ali

Ibrahim

2016

Materials Science-Poland

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“…[1][2][3][4] Moreover, it can be used to distinguish between localized and free band conduction. In the former, the AC conductivity increases with the increase of frequency, while in the latter the AC conductivity decreases with the increase of the frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC Conductivity and Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Sb2S3 Bulk Material

El-Rahman

Darwish

Hanafy

2016

Journal of Elec Materi

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The Sb 2 S 3 bulk material was used for next-generation anode for lithium-ion batteries. Alternative current (AC) conductivity, dielectric properties and electric modulus of Sb 2 S 3 have been investigated. The measurements were carried out in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 5 MHz and temperature range from 293 K to 453 K. The direct current (DC) conductivity, r DC , shows an activated behavior and the calculated activation energy is 0.50 eV. The AC conductivity, r AC , was found to increase with the increase of temperature and frequency. The conduction mechanism of r AC was controlled by the correlated barrier hopping model. The behavior of the dielectric constant, e¢, and dielectric loss index, e¢¢, reveal that the polarization process of Sb 2 S 3 is dipolar in nature. The behavior of both e¢ and e¢¢ reveals that bulk Sb 2 S 3 has no ferroelectric or piezoelectric phase transition. The dielectric modulus, M, gives a simple method for evaluating the activation energy of the dielectric relaxation. The calculated activation energy from M is 0.045 eV.

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“…The dephlegmator is an analyzer and heat exchanger used to distill the vapor. The rest of liquid solution (4) flows to HEX II where it recovers heat from the weak mixture (11). The three fluids coming from dephlegmator cooler (6), dephlegamator (16) and HEX II (7) will mix and forms a liquid solution (8) at the inlet of boiler.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat from hot fluid coming from solar collectors (33) is recovered in boiler. The working fluid is separated in the separator into rich vapor mixture (12) and weak liquid solution (11). Due to high boiling point of water compared to ammonia, some moisture content may be presented in rich mixture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) system helps to reduce problems related to global environment compared to VCR systems. The VAR system alone tested experimentally, designed, and reported in the literature [9][10][11]. In order to promote the use of absorption systems, further developments are required to improve theh-performance and reduce its high initial cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Optimization of a Solar Thermal Cooling Cogeneration Plant at Low Temperature Heat Recovery

Srinivas

Reddy

2014

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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A simple cooling cogeneration has been developed by coupling a Kalina cycle system (KCS) with a vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) system. The working fluid used in this theoretical thermodynamic evaluation is ammonia water mixture. A low temperature heat recovery (150°C-200°C) from engine exhaust gas, solar collectors, or similar can be used to operate the plant. A controlling facility is provided to set the required amount of power or cooling to meet the variable demand. In this proposed plant, the liquid refrigerant absorbs more amount of heat from evaporator surroundings with a flow control located in betw^een power and cooling cycles. The extra included components are condenser, heat exchanger and throttling device over KCS plant. Due to possibility of more cooling, it offers high energy utilization factor (EUF). The coupled plant characteristics are studied with changes in mass split ratio, separator vapor fraction, separator temperature, and turbine concentration to develop efficient working conditions. The power mass split ratio is varied from 80% to J00% to run the coupled plant at nearly full load conditions. The separator vapor fraction and temperature are optimized at 45% and 150°C, respectively. It is recommended to maintain the turbine concentration above 0.85 for optimum power and cooling. The maximum cycle EUE and plant EUE are 0.J5 and 0.06, respectively, at 80% power mass split ratio. The specific power and specific cooling at these conditions are 62 kWlkg and 72 kWlkg, respectively.

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On the nature of bulk electrical relaxation in 4‑tricyanovinyl-N,N-diethylaniline (TCVA)

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Analysis of X-ray structure, dielectric properties and AC conductivity of (4E)-2-amino-3-cyanobenzo[b]oxocin-6-one

Analysis of X-ray structure, dielectric properties and AC conductivity of (4E)-2-amino-3-cyanobenzo[b]oxocin-6-one

AC Conductivity and Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Sb2S3 Bulk Material

Thermal Optimization of a Solar Thermal Cooling Cogeneration Plant at Low Temperature Heat Recovery

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