On the Nature of Emotion Regulation

Campos, Joseph J.; Frankel, Carl B.; Camras, Linda A.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00681.x

Cited by 544 publications

(431 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, since overly regulated emotions may attenuate the in situ experience of sensation (Campos et al, 2004), skydivers likely aim to regulate their emotions only to the degree that it enables them to operate safely in the high-risk domain. Conversely, the experience of emotion regulation is central to mountaineers' engagement with their activity.…”

Section: Emotion Regulation and Agency Study 4 Replicated The Resultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great expectations: Different high-risk activities satisfy different motives.

Barlow¹,

Woodman²,

Hardy³

2013

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Research on people's motives for engaging in high-risk activities has typically been viewed through the single-focused lens of sensation seeking. We provide evidence that comprehensively challenges that view. First, we develop and confirm the structure of a 3-factor measure of motives: the Sensation Seeking, Emotion Regulation, and Agency Scale (SEAS; Study 1). We then use the SEAS to provide evidence of differential motives for 2 high-risk activities: skydiving and mountaineering. The motive for skydiving is strongly associated with sensation seeking; the motive for mountaineering is strongly associated with emotion regulation and agency but not with sensation seeking (Study 2). We also show that these conclusions cannot be drawn from existing measures of personality and sensation seeking (Study 3). Finally, individuals who are motivated by emotion regulation and agency needs also have greater expectations regarding their emotion regulation and agency. It is these greater expectations that most successfully discriminate mountaineers from skydivers and control participants (Study 4). It is concluded that researchers should no longer consider risk takers as a homogenous sensation-seeking group and that they should consider risk taking as a potential model of human endeavor. The SEAS can be used as a measure of motives for behavior whenever sensation seeking, agency, or emotion regulation is thought to be at the core of such motives, and the results are discussed in the context of encouraging personality researchers to consider the specific spontaneous behaviors that motivate different people.

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Section: Emotion Regulation and Agency Study 4 Replicated The Resultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great expectations: Different high-risk activities satisfy different motives.

Barlow¹,

Woodman²,

Hardy³

2013

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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show abstract

“…The scientific literature concerning shame does not represent a unified framework or consensus regarding shame's definition and role in human behavior (Baumeister, Stillwell, & Heatherton, 1994;Bybee, 1998;Ferguson, Brugman, White, & Eyre, in press;Gilbert, 1998;Greenwald & Harder, 1998; M. Lewis, 1992;Sabini & Silver, 1997;Tangney & Dearing, 2002;Tangney & Fischer, 1995;Tangney, Mashek, & Stuewig, 2005). Although I adopt the term "shame" in this commentary, I do not assume that shame exists as one specific or unidimensional experience (see also Campos, Frankel, & Camras, 2004;Ferguson & Stegge, 1998;Ferguson, Stegge, Eyre, Vollmer, & Ashbaker, 2000;Ferguson, Stegge, Miller, & Olsen, 1999;Frijda, 1986;Gilbert, 1998;Kagan, 1994;Saarni, Mumme, & Campos, 1998). Rather, just as with anger, there are varieties of shame experiences and functions (e.g., Campos et al, 2004;Izard, 1991;Kagan, 1994;Tomkins, 1963).…”

Section: Articles In This Issue Examine How Experiences Of Shame Togmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Shame and Its Functions in Relationships

Ferguson

2005

Child Maltreat

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“…The behavioural data suggest that the key skills impaired in individuals with a family history of MDD are emotion processing [12][13][14] and attention shifting from emotional content, 15,16 neural correlates of which have been previously verified in healthy individuals. [17][18][19] These 2 processes are crucial components of emotional regulation 20,21 and represent its 2 basic functions: an ability to explore emotional meaning of the environment and a potential to withdraw from the exploration in accordance with one's goals. The disturbance of emotional regulation is, according to some models, [22][23][24][25][26][27] a key feature of MDD and involves interplay of cognitive and emotional functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

Lisiecka

Carballedo

Fagan

et al. 2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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IntroductionIndividuals with a first-degree relative who has major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a 2-to 3-fold greater risk for depression than those without a family history of MDD. 1 Rela tives of depressed patients, compared with individuals without family history of psychiatric disorders, are characterized by elevated neuroticism, depressive cognitions and rigidity 2 and by stability of these traits over time.3 Patients with MDD who had relatives with an affective disorder display greater neuroticism 4 and have an earlier age of onset of MDD. 5 Evidently, family history of MDD alters susceptibility to depression and to an acute MDD episode. The factor is clinically important since it involves mechanisms of elevated risk for MDD (relatives of patients with MDD compared with healthy controls), suggests relative resilience to the disease (relatives of patients with MDD compared with the patients themselves) and points to different endophenotypes of healthy controls and patients with MDD. A good understanding of these mechanisms should not be underestimated if diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the disorder are to be enhanced. Background: Family history of major depressive disorder (MDD) increases individuals' vulnerability to depression and alters the way depression manifests itself. Emotion processing and attention shifting are functions altered by MDD and family history of the disease; therefore, it is important to recognize the neural correlates of these functions in association with both factors. Methods: Our study determines neural correlates of emotion processing and attention shifting for healthy individuals and patients with MDD with and without family history of depression. We compared the performance and neural activity in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment examining emotion processing and attention shifting in all participants. Results: Our sample included 4 study groups: healthy controls without family history of depression (n = 25), patients with MDD without family history of the disease (n = 20), unaffected healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD (n = 21) and patients with MDD with family history of MDD (n = 30). Compared with healthy controls, unaffected first-degree relatives overactivate the somatosensory cortex and the attention controlling areas during both emotion processing and attention shifting. Patients with family history of MDD have stronger neural activation in subcortical areas during shifting attention from negative stimuli. Patients without family history of MDD have less activation in the paralimbic regions and more activation in core limbic areas, especially during emotion processing. Limitations: The conclusions about the intergroup differences in activation can be drawn only about neural areas engaged in the task. Conclusion: Unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with MDD overreact to external emotional cues and compensate for the vulnerability with increased involvement of executive control. Patients with a family history of MDD have le...

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On the Nature of Emotion Regulation

Cited by 544 publications

References 62 publications

Great expectations: Different high-risk activities satisfy different motives.

Great expectations: Different high-risk activities satisfy different motives.

Mapping Shame and Its Functions in Relationships

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

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