On the Nature of Vigilance

Hancock, Peter A.

doi:10.1177/0018720816655240

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…For high levels of autonomy, human is delegating almost everything, so the uncertainty and predictability are high, and the transparency may be low. The operator cognitive engagement and attention might become low (Endsley, 2012 ; Hancock, 2017 ), and it might cause problems detecting failures (complacency effect) (Parasuraman et al, 1993 ), and recovering manual control from automation failure (Lumberjack effect)(Onnasch et al, 2014 ; Endsley, 2017 ). The solutions might be: The use of intermediate levels of autonomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Transparency in Shared Autonomy: A Mini Review

Alonso

Puente

2018

Front. Neurorobot.

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What does transparency mean in a shared autonomy framework? Different ways of understanding system transparency in human-robot interaction can be found in the state of the art. In one of the most common interpretations of the term, transparency is the observability and predictability of the system behavior, the understanding of what the system is doing, why, and what it will do next. Since the main methods to improve this kind of transparency are based on interface design and training, transparency is usually considered a property of such interfaces, while natural language explanations are a popular way to achieve transparent interfaces. Mechanical transparency is the robot capacity to follow human movements without human-perceptible resistive forces. Transparency improves system performance, helping reduce human errors, and builds trust in the system. One of the principles of user-centered design is to keep the user aware of the state of the system: a transparent design is a user-centered design. This article presents a review of the definitions and methods to improve transparency for applications with different interaction requirements and autonomy degrees, in order to clarify the role of transparency in shared autonomy, as well as to identify research gaps and potential future developments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Transparency in Shared Autonomy: A Mini Review

Alonso

Puente

2018

Front. Neurorobot.

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“…One of the central mechanisms supported by the attentional networks system -i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive control (Petersen & Posner, 2012;Posner & Petersen, 1990)-is the challenging ability to sustain attention over extended periods; a mechanism scientifically known as 'vigilance' (Adams, 1987;Hancock, 2017;Scerbo, 1998;Warm, Parasuraman, & Matthews, 2008). Traditionally, vigilance has been studied by simple and monotonous behavioral tasks such as the Mackworth Clock Test (MCT;Mackworth, 1948) or the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT; Lim & Dinges, 2008), in which a progressive decrement on performance is commonly observed as a function of time on task (Langner & Eickhoff, 2013;Mackworth, 1948;Scerbo, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

The ANTI-Vea task: analyzing the executive and arousal vigilance decrements while measuring the three attentional networks

Luna

Barttfeld

Martín-Arévalo

et al. 2021

Psicológica Journal

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The vigilance decrement phenomenon has been traditionally studied by simple and monotonous behavioral tasks. Nowadays, however, there is considerable interest in measuring vigilance with more complex tasks, including independent measures of other attentional functions. In the present study, we provide evidence supporting the suitability of the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance – executive and arousal components (ANTI-Vea) as an appropriate method to simultaneously assess multiple attentional and vigilance components. Vigilance was examined as two dissociated components: executive vigilance –as the detection of infrequent signals– and arousal vigilance–as the sustenance of a fast reaction to stimuli without response selection–. Importantly, the executive vigilance decrement was analyzed with a novel methodological approach to particularly determine whether the sensitivity loss effect is influenced by a floor level on the false alarms. As expected, the ANTI-Vea proved to be a task suitable to assess: (a) the main effects and interactions of phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control; (b) the executive vigilance decrement as a progressive change in the response bias; and (c) the arousal vigilance decrement as a progressive slowness and variability in reaction time. We discuss some critical theoretical and empirical implications of measuring vigilance components with the ANTI-Vea task. We expect the present study to provide a suitable method to analyze the vigilance decrement phenomenon when measuring multiple attentional and vigilance functions.

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“…It is not that we cannot conceive of these control transitioning technologies, but rather whether it is practicable, feasible, and even advisable to pursue these forms of control return strategy ( Desmond et al, 1998 ). For, in these respective stages, the “driver’s” role is translated into one of passive monitoring, which is a role that we understand already that humans can be extremely poor at ( Hancock and Warm, 1989 ; Hancock, 2013b , 2017b ). Response latencies increase across time in such vigilance situations ( Hancock, 2017b ), as do the frequency of missed signals as epitomized in the well-recognized “ vigilance decrement function .”…”

Section: The Levels Autonomy Description and Its Associated Fallaciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Into the Future

Hancock

2020

Front. Psychol.

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This work considers the future of driving in terms of both its short-and long-term horizons. It conjectures that human-controlled driving will follow in the footsteps of a wide swath of other, now either residual or abandoned human occupations. Pursuits that have preceded it into oblivion. In this way, driving will dwindle down into only a few niche locales wherein enthusiasts will still persist, much in the way that steam train hobbyists now continue their own aspirational inclinations. Of course, the value of any such prognostication is in direct proportion to the degree that information is conveyed, and prospective uncertainty reduced. In more colloquial terms: the devil is in the details of these coming transitions. It is anticipated that we will see a progressive transformation of the composition of on-road traffic that will be registered most immediately in the realm of professional transportation in which the imperative for optimization exceeds that in virtually all other user segments. The transition from manual control to full automation will be more punctate than gradualist in its evolutionary development. As performance optimization slowly exhausts the commercial sector, it will progressively transition more into the discretionary realm by dint of simple technology transfer alone. The hedonic dimension of everyday driving will be dispersed and pursued by progressively fewer individuals. The traveling window of generational expectation will soon mean that human driving will be largely "forgotten," as each sequential generation matures without this, still presently common experience. Indications of this stage of progress are beginning to be witnessed in the demographic profile of vehicle usage and ownership rates. The purpose of the exposition which follows is to consider and support each of these stated propositions.

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On the Nature of Vigilance

Abstract: The application of vigilance is widespread and potentially ubiquitous for semiautomated, automated, and autonomous system interaction.

Cited by 66 publications

References 55 publications

System Transparency in Shared Autonomy: A Mini Review

System Transparency in Shared Autonomy: A Mini Review

The ANTI-Vea task: analyzing the executive and arousal vigilance decrements while measuring the three attentional networks

Driving Into the Future

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