On the Nesting of some Guatemalan Birds.

Owen, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1861.tb07438.x

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The advantages of early breeding may to some extent be counteracted by higher nest losses owing to predation (see below), periods of inclement weather with snow, heavy wind and cold, and flooding. Waders are, however, to some extent able to cope with quite harsh weather conditions and floods (Owen 1927, Lind 1961, Bengtson 1963, Spj!lltvoll 1972, Ojanen 1979, Hilden 1979, Meltofte 1979.…”

Section: Annual Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Populations and breeding schedules of waders, Charadrii, in high arctic Greenland

Meltofte

1985

Meddr Grønland. Biosci

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Waders are the dominant birds of the high arctic tundra of Greenland, both in terms of population densities and number of species. Of 11 species of waders breeding regularly in Greenland, nine have their main distribution within the high arctic part. Charddrius hiaticula, Arenaria interpres, Calidris canutus, Calidris alpina, Calidris alba and Phalaropus fulicarius are the most abundant. Living conditions in high arctic Greenland are characterized by extremely low and often sparse vegetation, moderate snow-cover and short cool summers. Large regional, local and annual differences occur, however, and the breeding phenology and population densities of waders are described and analysed in relation to these differences. The annual schedules of the wader populations are reviewed, and the governing factors discussed for each stage, as well as the factors involved in controlling population densities, sizes and changes, and distribution on a larger scale. A very strong negative correlation was found between start of laying and snow cover in early June, while breeding densities were best correlated with snow-free vegetation cover at this time. The most important ultimate factors involved are probably feeding conditions early in the season and, in snow-rich areas, also increasing predation risk with increasing snow-cover. Compared to other arctic areas, the waders in high arctic Greenland show moderate or low population densities, but they breed earlier than most other arctic populations. Low productivity, as compared to the extremely productive low arctic tundras of North America and Siberia, is responsible for the lower densities, while the limited spring snow-cover makes it possible for the waders to breed earlier in high arctic Greenland. Finally an attempt is made to estimate the total population sizes of the waders breeding in high arctic Greenland, using both breeding density estimates and estimates of the same populations during winter in the Old World.

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Section: Annual Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Populations and breeding schedules of waders, Charadrii, in high arctic Greenland

Meltofte

1985

Meddr Grønland. Biosci

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Breeding Seasons and Migration

Marshall¹

1961

Biology and Comparative Physiology of Birds

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The Breeding of Some S.W. Ecuadorian Birds

Marchant¹

1960

Ibis

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SUMMARY The breeding of about 40 species of birds in the Ancon district of the Guayas Province of S.W. Ecuador is described. The information is based on the records of about 2000 nests observed during 1955–1958. About half the species are birds which range over much of Central and South America and whose breeding has been previously described, though usually casually. For these my own remarks are confined to new information, doubtful points and confirmatory details. The rest are species more or less confined to the west coast of South America between Ecuador and Chile, and for which there is either little or no breeding information in the literature. These are treated under headings of nest site, nest, eggs, clutch‐size, laying, incubation, nestling period, breeding success and season, with general remarks where appropriate. For most species, closely determined incubation and nestling periods arc given, and for some, quantitative data on clutch‐size and breeding success are available. In some species differences have been found for annual mean clutch‐size, mean clutch‐size laid before and after rain, annual breeding success and fledging success, doubtless due to pronounced climatic variation from year to year which either has a direct effect or influences predation. These matters are discussed generally in the introduction, with particular mention of 10‐day incubation periods, the rapid nesting cycle of several finches, precociousness of their young, and comparison of breeding success with that of European species, as well as the peculiar ecological variations of the district and changes in predators. In the sequel the statistical aspect of my data is analysed by Dr. Monte Lloyd and I have followed this with some a posteriori remarks.

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On the Nesting of some Guatemalan Birds.

Cited by 5 publications

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Populations and breeding schedules of waders, Charadrii, in high arctic Greenland

Populations and breeding schedules of waders, Charadrii, in high arctic Greenland

Breeding Seasons and Migration

The Breeding of Some S.W. Ecuadorian Birds

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